High-Crystallinity π-Conjugated Small Molecules Based on Thienylene–Vinylene–Thienylene: Critical Role of Self-Organization in Photovoltaic, Charge-Transport, and Morphological Properties

Halide perovskites have undergone remarkable developments as highly efficient optoelectronic materials for a variety of applications. Several studies indicated the critical role of defects on the performance of perovskite devices. However, the parameters of defects and their interplay with free charge carriers remain unclear. In this study, we explored the dynamics of free holes in methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) single crystals using the time-of-flight (ToF) current spectroscopy. By combining ToF spectroscopy and Monte Carlo simulation, three energy states were detected in the bandgap of MAPbBr3. In addition, we found the trapping and detrapping rates of free holes ranging from a few microseconds to hundreds of microseconds. Contrary to previous studies, we revealed a strong detrapping activity of traps. We showed that these traps substantially affect the transport properties of MAPbBr3, including mobility and mobility-lifetime product. Our results provide an insight on charge transport properties of perovskite semiconductors.

Download Full-text

The Role of Connexin-43 in the Inflammatory Process: A New Potential Therapy to Influence Keratitis

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2019/9312827 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chu-Yang Xu ◽

Wen-Song Zhang ◽

Hong Zhang ◽

Yan Cao ◽

Hong-Yan Zhou

Keyword(s):

Small Molecules ◽

Extracellular Space ◽

Connexin 43 ◽

Inflammatory Process ◽

Critical Role ◽

Signaling Molecules ◽

Cx43 Expression ◽

Inflammatory Chemokines ◽

The Relationship

The studies outlined in this review highlight the relationship between inflammatory signaling molecules and connexin-43 (Cx43). Gap junction (GJ) channels and hemichannels (HCs) participate in the metabolic activity between intra- and extracellular space. Some ions and small molecules are exchanged from cell to cell or cell to extracellular space to affect the process of inflammation via GJ. We analyzed the effects of signaling molecules, such as innate immunity messengers, transcription factors, LPS, cytokine, inflammatory chemokines, and MMPs, on Cx43 expression during the inflammatory process. At the same time, we found that these signaling molecules play a critical role in the pathogenesis of keratitis. Thus, we assessed the function of Cx43 during inflammatory corneal disease. Corneal healing plays an essential role in the late stage of keratitis. We found that Cx43 is involved in wound healing. Studies have shown that the decrease of Cx43 can decrease the time of healing. We also report several Cx43 mimic peptides which can inhibit the activity of Cx43 Hc to mediate the releasing of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which may in turn influence the inflammatory process.

Download Full-text

Conserved Aquaporins in Gossypium and Silencing of Ghpip2;7 and Ghtip2;1 Decreased Salt and Osmotic Stress Tolerances in Upland Cotton

10.21203/rs.3.rs-489764/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anhui Guo ◽

Jianfeng Hao ◽

Ying Su ◽

Bin Li ◽

Meng Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Stress ◽

Small Molecules ◽

Critical Role ◽

Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽

Membrane Channel ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Drought And Salt Stress ◽

Negative Role ◽

Salt And Osmotic Stress

Abstract Aquaporins (aquaporin), membrane channel proteins, facilitate the transport of water and small molecules across intrinsic membranes and play a critical role in abiotic stresses. Here, 111, 54, and 56 candidate AQP genes were identified in Gossypium hirsutum (AD1), G. arboreum (A2), and G. raimondii (D5), and classified into five subfamilies including PIP, TIP, NIP, SIP, and XIP, respectively. Some GhPIPs and GhTIPs exhibited high expression levels in drought and salt stress verified by transcriptome analysis and Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The chlorophyll content, SOD activity, and POD activity were decreased in GhPIP2;7 gene-silenced plants versus the control (using blank vector) under 400 mM NaCl treatment, which indicated a negative role of GhPIP2;7 in cotton salt tolerance. Comparing with mock plants, GhTIP2;1 silenced cotton plant was more sensitive to osmotic stress. Overexpressed GhTIP2;1 plants exhibited less accumulation of H2O2 and MDA with higher proline contents detected under osmotic stress. Taken together these results, provide in-depth knowledge into plant response to abiotic stress and gene resource.

Download Full-text

Critical Role of Molecular Symmetry for Charge Transport Properties: A Paradigm Learned from Quinoidal Bithieno[3,4-b]thiophenes

Chemistry of Materials ◽

10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01551 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (11) ◽

pp. 4999-5008 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Longbin Ren ◽

Dafei Yuan ◽

Eliot Gann ◽

Yuan Guo ◽

Lars Thomsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Charge Transport ◽

Transport Properties ◽

Critical Role ◽

Molecular Symmetry

Download Full-text

The Role of the SLP in Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening and Assessment

Perspectives on Language Learning and Education ◽

10.1044/lle15.2.50 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 50-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amy Philofsky

Keyword(s):

Language Development ◽

Critical Role ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Notable Increase ◽

Screening Assessment ◽

Critical Components

AbstractRecent prevalence estimates for autism have been alarming as a function of the notable increase. Speech-language pathologists play a critical role in screening, assessment and intervention for children with autism. This article reviews signs that may be indicative of autism at different stages of language development, and discusses the importance of several psychometric properties—sensitivity and specificity—in utilizing screening measures for children with autism. Critical components of assessment for children with autism are reviewed. This article concludes with examples of intervention targets for children with ASD at various levels of language development.

Download Full-text