scholarly journals Change Law of Lower Limit of Gas Explosion at Ultra-High Temperatures

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Li ◽  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Huaixing Li ◽  
Jinhua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Gas Explosion

The Part played by Microclimates in enabling Glossina submorsitans and G. tachinoides to withstand the high Temperatures of a West African Dry Season

1936 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. M. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

1. It has been confirmed that the lower limit of the critical zone, for fly of medium age, is 102°F. for both species; this limit is probably even lower for very old G. tachinoides.2. The adverse effect upon the fly community of a day when the maximum temperature enters the critical zone is continued among the older individuals for several days following, even though the maximum temperature on these days remains below the lower limit.3. From the mean maximum temperatures recorded over 52 days in 9 microclimates, it would appear that sites on the ground are cooler than those above the surface; the difference is not very great, the mean for the four ground sites being only 4·4°F. lower than the mean for the five above-ground sites.4. The evidence suggests that on very hot days only the ground within the true forest is safe for tsetse; in all other sites—above the ground in the true forest or on the ground in the intrusive and peripheral thickets—the temperature is liable to enter the critical zone, and may even reach the upper fatal limit.5. The tsetse community is living very close to the critical zone in the late dry season. Even the coolest ground site yielded an absolute maximum that was only 3·5°F. below the lower limit.6. Site no. 9 gives an indication of how severe the conditions might become in the true forest were the windbreaks of peripheral and intrusive thicket removed.7. In ground sites a shower of rain produces about twice as great an initial drop in temperature, and temperature remains abnormally low for about twice as long, as it does for sites above the surface of the soil.8. The duration of the period of dangerously high temperatures to which the fly community is subjected in the late dry season may be very varied; it depends upon the incidence of rain in April and May.

Supernovae and interstellar gas dynamics

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
F. D. Kahn ◽  
L. Woltjer
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Gas Dynamics ◽  
Interstellar Cloud ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Random Motions ◽  
Relativistic Particles

The efficiency of the transfer of energy from supernovae into interstellar cloud motions is investigated. A lower limit of about 0·002 is obtained, but values near 0·01 are more likely. Taking all uncertainties in the theory and observations into account, the energy per supernova, in the form of relativistic particles or high-velocity matter, needed to maintain the random motions in the interstellar gas is estimated as 1051·4±1ergs.

In situ REM imaging of surface processes on ceramic bulk crystals from 300 to 1670 K in a conventional TEM

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 660-661
Author(s):  
Z. L. Wang ◽  
J. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Atomic Processes ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gas Reactions

Studying the behavior of surfaces at high temperatures is of great importance for understanding the properties of ceramics and associated surface-gas reactions. Atomic processes occurring on bulk crystal surfaces at high temperatures can be recorded by reflection electron microscopy (REM) in a conventional transmission electron microscope (TEM) with relatively high resolution, because REM is especially sensitive to atomic-height steps.Improved REM image resolution with a FEG: Cleaved surfaces of a-alumina (012) exhibit atomic flatness with steps of height about 5 Å, determined by reference to a screw (or near screw) dislocation with a presumed Burgers vector of b = (1/3)<012> (see Fig. 1). Steps of heights less than about 0.8 Å can be clearly resolved only with a field emission gun (FEG) (Fig. 2). The small steps are formed by the surface oscillating between the closely packed O and Al stacking layers. The bands of dark contrast (Fig. 2b) are the result of beam radiation damage to surface areas initially terminated with O ions.

Factor XII Determinations in the Presence and Absence of Phospholipid Antibodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Jones ◽  
M. Winter ◽  
M. J. Gallimore
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulant ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Lower Limit Of Normal

SummaryFactor XII (FXII) levels were determined in plasma samples from 29 normal donors, 10 patients with inherited FXII deficiency (all lupus anticoagulant [LA] negative) and 67 LA positive patients, using clotting (FXIIct), chromogenic substrate (FXIIcs) and immunochemical (FXIIag) assays. Excellent correlations were obtained in the three FXII assays with the LA negative samples and between the FXIIcs and FXIIag assays in the LA positive samples. Correlations between both the FXIIcs and FXIIag with FXIIct in the LA positive patients were poor. Of 67 LA positive samples studied, 25 (37.3%) showed lower values in the FXIIct assay; 13 (19.4%) of these patients were pseudo FXII deficient with values of FXII below the lower limit of normal.These results indicate that a diagnosis of FXII deficiency can be made inappropriately in the presence of phospholipid antibodies and that such a diagnosis should not be made by FXIIct assay alone.

Effects of Age and Health on the Euthyroid Reference Ranges for Serum Free Thyroxine and Free Triiodothyronine

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Midgley ◽  
K. R. Gruner
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Age Range

SummaryAge-related trends in serum free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) concentrations were measured in 7248 euthyroid subjects (age-range 3 months to 106 years). 5700 were patients referred to hospitals for investigation of suspected thyroid dysfunction, but who were diagnosed euthyroid. 1548 were healthy blood donors (age-range 18-63 years) with no indication of thyroid dysfunction. FT4 concentrations were little affected by the age, the sex or the state of health of the subjects in either group. Serum FT3 concentrations were significantly affected by both age and health factors. The upper limit of the euthyroid reference range for young subjects up to 15 years was about 20% higher (10.4 pmol/1) than for adult subjects older than 25 years (8.8 pmol/1). The change in the upper limits typical of young subjects to that typical of adults occurred steadily over the decade 15–25 years. After this age, little further change occurred, especially in healthy subjects. Additionally, the lower limit of the euthyroid range for FT3 was extended by the inclusion in the reference group of patients referred to hospitals. Compared with the lower limit of the FT3 range for healthy subjects (5 pmol/1), the corresponding limit for referred subjects (young or adult) was 3.5–3.8 pmol/1. Broadening of the FT3 reference range was probably brought about by a significant number of patients in the hospital-referred group with the “1OW-T3 syndrome” of mild non-thyroidal illness. Accordingly, FT3 was inferior to FT4 in the discrimination of hypothyroidism, as FT4 was unaffected by this phenomenon. Effects of age and non-thyroidal illness on serum FT3 concentrations require great care when selecting subjects for a laboratory euthyroid reference range typical of the routine workload. Constraints on the choice of subjects for FT4 reference ranges are less stringent.

Measuring the electric resistance of metals and alloys at high temperatures by a hardware-and-software system

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Chernoskutov ◽  
A. D. Ivliev ◽  
V. V. Meshkov ◽  
A. O. Samoilov ◽  
A. S. Sosnin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
Software System ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
Hardware And Software System
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