Fluorescence-Labeled Abamectin Nanopesticide for Comprehensive Control of Pinewood Nematode and Monochamus alternatus Hope

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (44) ◽  
pp. 16555-16564
Author(s):  
Chenyu Su ◽  
Yingchao Ji ◽  
Shanshan Liu ◽  
Shangkun Gao ◽  
Shenghan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus Hope

scholarly journals Characterization of bacterial communities associated with the pinewood nematode insect vector Monochamus alternatus Hope and the host tree Pinus massoniana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajie Guo ◽  
Qiannan Lin ◽  
lvyi Chen ◽  
Carballar-Lejarazú Rebeca ◽  
Aishan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Pine Wilt ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Habitat Niche ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus Hope

Abstract Background Monochamus alternatus Hope is one of the insect vectors of pinewood nematode ( Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ), which causes the destructive pine wilt disease. The microorganisms within the ecosystem, comprising plants, their environment, and insect vectors, form complex networks. This study presents a systematic analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the M. alternatus midgut and its habitat niche. Methods Total DNA was extracted from 20 types of samples (with three replicates each) from M. alternatus and various tissues of healthy and infected P. massoniana (pines). 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was conducted to determine the composition and diversity of the bacterial microbiota in each sample. Moreover, the relative abundances of bacteria in the midgut of M. alternatus larvae were verified by counting the colony-forming units. Results Pinewood nematode infection increased the microbial diversity in pines. Bradyrhizobium , Burkholderia , Dyella , Mycobacterium , and Mucilaginibacter were the dominant bacterial genera in the soil and infected pines. These results indicate that the bacterial community in infected pines may be associated with the soil microbiota. Interestingly, the abundance of the genus Gryllotalpicola was highest in the bark of infected pines. The genus Cellulomonas was not found in the midgut of M. alternatus , but it peaked in the phloem of infected pines, followed by the phloem of heathy pines. Moreover, the genus Serratia was not only present in the habitat niche, but it was also enriched in the M. alternatus midgut. The colony-forming unit assays showed that the relative abundance of Serratia sp. peaked in the midgut of instar II larvae (81%). Conclusions Overall, the results indicate that the bacterial microbiota in the soil and in infected pines are correlated. The Gryllotalpicola sp. and Cellulomonas sp. are potential microbial markers of pine wilt disease. Additionally, Serratia sp. could be an ideal agent for expressing insecticidal protein in the insect midgut by genetic engineering, which represents a new use of microbes to control M. alternatus .

scholarly journals Influence of ultrasound on juvenile hormone titers in Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ping Zha ◽  
Xiao-Ling Wu ◽  
Zi-Yi Zhang ◽  
Jing-Yuan Chen ◽  
Qi-Cai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Ultrasound Exposure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus Hope ◽  
Ultrasonic Devices

AbstractAbiotic stress factors can significantly affect insects. In particular, the stressful effects of exposure to ultrasound on insects are considered important. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ultrasound on the important global pest Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), which is the main vector of the pinewood nematode. We exposed M. alternatus adults (aged 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days) to ultrasound at different frequencies (using two ultrasonic devices, i.e., LHC20 with a mixture of frequencies at 35 kHz, 70 kHz, and 105 kHz; and GFG-8016G at two separate frequencies of 30 kHz and 60 kHz) for different periods of time (1 h, 12 h, and 24 h), before evaluating the juvenile hormone III (JHIII) titers. All of the ultrasound treatments significantly decreased the JHIII titers in M. alternatus adults. The decreases in the JHIII titers due to ultrasound exposure did not differ according to sex, but the effects on beetles of different ages differed significantly depending on the duration of exposure. The decreases in the JHIII titers were highest in male and female beetles after exposure to ultrasound for 12 h. Following exposure to ultrasound for any time period, the decreases in the JHIII titers were lower in adults aged 3 days than those aged 1 day and 5 days. The different ultrasonic frequencies led to variable decreases in the JHIII titers in M. alternatus adults, where the greatest decreases occurred in beetles exposed to ultrasound at 60 kHz. Our results indicate that ultrasound can negatively affect the normal JHIII levels and it may further disrupt sexual maturation by M. alternatus adults.

scholarly journals Characterization of bacterial communities associated with the pine wilt disease insect vectors Monochamus alternatus Hope and host trees Pinus massoniana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajie Guo ◽  
Qiannan Lin ◽  
lvyi Chen ◽  
Carballar-Lejarazú Rebeca ◽  
Ensi Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Pine Wilt ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus Hope

Abstract Background Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a destructive disease caused by the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus . Monochamus alternatus Hope is the main vector of this disease. The symbiotic microorganisms can play an important role in the transmission cycle mechanism. However, the role of bacterial microorganisms in the transmission of pine wood nematode by M. alternatus is not clear currently. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the composition and diversity of microbial flora in the gut of M. alternatus , as well as healthy and infected Pinus massoniana and its peripheral environment to discover the important microbial flora contributing to the transmission cycle.Methods In this study, total DNA was extracted from 60 samples, including 20 samples of M. alternatus gut from different larval instars, healthy P. massoniana , nematode-infected P. massoniana and their peripheral environment (needles, bark, phloem, xylem, root, surface soil and rhizosphere soil), by triplicate. Samples were used for 16S rDNA Amplicon sequencing to determine the composition and diversity of microbial flora in each sample.Results Infection of pinewood nematode resulted in an increase of the microbial community in the nematode-infected P. massoniana and its peripheral environment when compared with healthy P. massoniana , the microbial community in different tissues changed. Among them, Gryllotalpicola and Cellulomonas showed to be endemic microorganisms in nematode-infected P. massoniana , which can be used as indicators to detect the disease. Serratia was shown as an opportunistic pathogen, and was found to be enriched in M. alternatus gut and was also detected in the host plant tissues.Conclusions This study clarified the change of microbial community in the transmission of pine wilt disease by M. alternatus . An important theoretical basis for the prevention of pine wilt disease was structured by our research.

scholarly journals Promoting Effect of Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase Gene (pcyt-1) on Departure of Pinewood Nematode from Monochamus alternatus

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Mingxia Jin ◽  
Lichao Wang ◽  
Ailin Yu ◽  
Guai Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Internal Factor ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Lipid Degradation ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Lipid Granules ◽  
Choline Phosphate

In order to study the key gene in internal causes of pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a departure from its vector beetle, Monochamus alternatus, we collected PWNs extracted from newly emerged M. alternatus and beetles 7 days after emergence. The total RNAs of the two groups of PWNs were extracted, transcriptomes sequencing was performed, and gene expression differences between the two groups of PWN were analyzed. It was found that the expression of the choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase gene (pcyt-1) was markedly up-regulated. After inhibition of pcyt-1 expression by RNA interference, the rate of lipid degradation in PWN decreased significantly, and the motility of PWN also decreased significantly. The analysis identified that phosphatidylcholine could promote the emulsification and degradation of neutral lipid granules in PWN, which provides sufficient energy for PWN departure from M. alternatus. The up-regulation of the gene pcyt-1 is an important internal factor for PWN departure from its vector.

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