Extraction of FD&C dyes from common food sources: Their separation utilizing column chromatography

Duckweeds are the smallest flowering plants on Earth. They grow fast on water's surface and produce large amounts of biomass. Further, duckweeds display high adaptability, and species are found around the globe growing under different environmental conditions. In this work, we report the composition of 21 ecotypes of fourteen species of duckweeds belonging to the two sub-families of the group (Lemnoideae and Wolffioideae). It is reported the presence of starch and the composition of soluble sugars, cell walls, amino acids, phenolics, and tannins. These data were combined with literature data recovered from 85 publications to produce a compiled analysis that affords the examination of duckweeds as possible food sources for human consumption. We compare duckweeds compositions with some of the most common food sources and conclude that duckweed, which is already in use as food in Asia, can be an interesting food source anywhere in the world.

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Heparin Excretion in Intact and Hepatectomized Rats

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1650152 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 45 (02) ◽

pp. 146-149

Author(s):

Ray Losito ◽

Harry Gattiker ◽

Ginette Bilodeau

Keyword(s):

Column Chromatography ◽

Normal Values ◽

Anticoagulant Activity ◽

Biliary Fistula ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Intact Rats

SummaryMetabolism and kinetics of 3H-heparin were compared in intact and hepatectomized rats. Rats were divided into three groups: 1) intact rats with biliary fistulas and cystostomies 2) intact rats with only cystostomies and 3) hepatectomized rats with cystostomies. Radioactivity in blood, bile and urine besides anticoagulant activity in blood and urine were examined. In addition, column chromatography of urine was used to isolate possible metabolites. Seventy percent and 80% of the radioactive dose was found in the urine of intact rats at 24 hr and 48 hr. Close to 5% of the radioactivity was found in bile or rats with a biliary fistula after 48 hr. The APTT declined to near normal values at 1 hr whether rats had a biliary fistula or not. In contrast, only 25 % of the radioactivity could be excreted into the urine of hepatectomized rats in 24 hr; the APTT did not decline as fast and at 5 hr, it was still 100 seconds. Only one radioactive component could be isolated on chromatography from all urines of these animals and appears to be similar to the original heparin. Thus, the liver has an important role to play in regulating the anticoagulant effects and excretion of heparin.

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Reducing Human-Bear Conflicts: Bear-Resistant Trash Cans

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-uw429-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ethan T. Noel ◽

Elizabeth F. Pienaar ◽

Mike Orlando

Keyword(s):

Great Risk ◽

Ursus Americanus ◽

Black Bear ◽

Food Sources ◽

Vehicle Collisions ◽

Wildlife Ecology ◽

Human Food ◽

Fact Sheet

The Florida black bear (Ursus americanus floridanus) is the only species of bear in Florida, with an estimated population of approximately 4,030 bears. Bears that eat garbage put themselves in danger. This 3-page fact sheet written by Ethan T. Noel, Elizabeth F. Pienaar, and and Mike Orlando and published by the Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department explains how to secure human garbage from bears so that they don’t become reliant on human food sources, a condition that puts them at great risk of being killed from vehicle collisions, illegal shooting, or euthanasia.http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw429

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Macrophyte-derived detritus in shallow coastal waters contributes to suspended particulate organic matter and increases growth rates of Mytilus edulis

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps13314 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 644 ◽

pp. 91-103

Author(s):

D Bearham ◽

MA Vanderklift ◽

RA Downie ◽

DP Thomson ◽

LA Clementson

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Mytilus Edulis ◽

Particulate Organic Matter ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Gill Tissue ◽

Suspension Feeder ◽

Food Sources ◽

Suspension Feeders ◽

Blue Mussels ◽

Suspended Particulate

Benthic suspension feeders, such as bivalves, potentially have several different food sources, including plankton and resuspended detritus of benthic origin. We hypothesised that suspension feeders are likely to feed on detritus if it is present. This inference would be further strengthened if there was a correlation between δ13C of suspension feeder tissue and δ13C of particulate organic matter (POM). Since detritus is characterised by high particulate organic matter (POC):chl a ratios, we would also predict a positive correlation between POM δ13C and POC:chl a. We hypothesised that increasing depth and greater distance from shore would produce a greater nutritional reliance by experimentally transplanted blue mussels Mytilus edulis on plankton rather than macrophyte-derived detritus. After deployments of 3 mo duration in 2 different years at depths from 3 to 40 m, M. edulis sizes were positively correlated with POM concentrations. POC:chl a ratios and δ13C of POM and M. edulis gill tissue decreased with increasing depth (and greater distance from shore). δ13C of POM was correlated with δ13C of M. edulis. Our results suggest that detritus comprised a large proportion of POM at shallow depths (<15 m), that M. edulis ingested and assimilated carbon in proportion to its availability in POM, and that growth of M. edulis was higher where detritus was present and POM concentrations were higher.

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VANILLINSÄURE ALS ENDPRODUKT DES STOFFWECHSELS VON ADRENALIN UND NORADRENALIN. II.

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0440101 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 101-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wilhelm Dirscherl ◽

Helmut Thomas

Keyword(s):

Rat Liver ◽

Paper Chromatography ◽

Column Chromatography ◽

Vanillic Acid ◽

Hippuric Acid ◽

Single Spot ◽

Solvent Systems ◽

Perfusion Experiment ◽

Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT Perfusion of rat liver with vanillic acid yielded only one metabolite. In paper chromatography with three different solvent systems, the substance showed the same RF-values as vanillyolglycine (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyhippuric acid) and in mixed chromatograms there was only one single spot. After separation by column chromatography, the UV- and IRspectra of the reaction product were identical with those of 3-methoxy4-hydroxy-hippuric acid. During the perfusion experiment, the kinetics of the conjugation were investigated.

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DIE ZUSAMMENSETZUNG DER JODHALTIGEN VERBINDUNGEN UND IHRE BEZIEHUNG ZUM JODUMSATZ IN EUTHYREOTEN STRUMEN

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0410584 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 584-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dankwart Reinwein ◽

Erich Klein

Keyword(s):

Column Chromatography ◽

Iodine Content ◽

High Plasma ◽

Secretion Rate ◽

Total Iodine ◽

Iodine Compound ◽

Hormonal Secretion ◽

Carrier Free ◽

Iodine Metabolism ◽

Diffuse Goiter

ABSTRACT The iodine metabolism was investigated in 29 patients with euthyroid non-endemic diffuse goiter. 1 to 14 days before thyroidectomy the patients received carrier-free 131I. The chemical iodine fractions (PBI, BEI and iodide) of the thyroid and the labelled iodine compound were analyzed by means of paper- and column chromatography. In one gland the total iodine content varied only by ± 19.6% of the average, the relative shares of PBI, BEI and iodide as well as that of the iodoamino acids being equal. Monoiodotyrosine, diiodotyrosine and thyroxine were found in the thyroid homogenate without hydrolysis. The homogenate after hydrolysis contained more iodotyrosines at the expense of iodothyronines than do normal glands. 17 goiters with normal 131I-uptake showed a high total iodine content (14.2 ± 5.0 mg) whilst 9 goiters with an increased 131I-uptake had low values (3.58 ± 0.6 mg). The opposite was found for the relative shares of BEI with the chromatographically isolated iodothyronines thyroxine, triiodothyronine and an unidentified iodine compound. Goiters with »high plasma PB131I« were characterized by a faster transfer of 131I into the more heavily iodinated compounds than is found in glands with a normal hormonal secretion rate. The highest values for the iodothyronines were found in goiters with increased 131I-uptake together with a high hormonal secretion rate. From this study it appears that the changes in the iodine-poor glands are due to a defective exo- or endogenous iodine supply. The observed alterations in iodine-rich glands are probably induced by a faulty iodine utilization characterized by an incomplete iodotyrosyl-coupling defect.

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Food Matters

Bulletin for the Study of Religion ◽

10.1558/bsor.33088 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Martha Finch

Keyword(s):

Food Studies ◽

Religious Group ◽

Cultural Group ◽

Central Theme ◽

Common Food ◽

Sensory Experiences ◽

Sensory Effects

Each week in my religion and food course during Spring 2016, a student or I brought foods related to the religious group we were studying into the classroom for all to try. With the first dish they tasted, students asked, “So what makes this food ‘religious’?” This question formed the central theme throughout the semester as we wrestled with what religion is in the context of food and foodways: the network of material aspects (food itself; practices like growing, distributing, cooking, eating; sensory experiences such as taste) and conceptual aspects (ideas, meanings, metaphors, symbols, values such as taste) of food in a particular social/cultural group. The familiar and unfamiliar foods elicited visceral reactions from students. This essay argues that paying closer attention to religion as an independent interpretive category and especially to food itself, as a material agent eliciting powerful sensory effects that precede religious ideas and enable those ideas, provides an alternative to dependence on common food studies’ interpretive categories and on the Protestant-influenced focus on food as abstracted symbol or metaphor of ‘meaning.’

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The Map-Based Shortest Route Selection by Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

Indonesian Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining ◽

10.24014/ijaidm.v1i1.4600 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Achmad Fanany Onnilita Gaffar ◽

Agusma Wajiansyah ◽

Supriadi Supriadi

Keyword(s):

Ant Colony Optimization ◽

Shortest Path ◽

Optimization Algorithm ◽

Optimization Problems ◽

Google Earth ◽

Ant Colony ◽

Food Sources ◽

Shortest Route ◽

Study Results ◽

Destination Point

The shortest path problem is one of the optimization problems where the optimization value is a distance. In general, solving the problem of the shortest route search can be done using two methods, namely conventional methods and heuristic methods. The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is the one of the optimization algorithm based on heuristic method. ACO is adopted from the behavior of ant colonies which naturally able to find the shortest route on the way from the nest to the food sources. In this study, ACO is used to determine the shortest route from Bumi Senyiur Hotel (origin point) to East Kalimantan Governor's Office (destination point). The selection of the origin and destination points is based on a large number of possible major roads connecting the two points. The data source used is the base map of Samarinda City which is cropped on certain coordinates by using Google Earth app which covers the origin and destination points selected. The data pre-processing is performed on the base map image of the acquisition results to obtain its numerical data. ACO is implemented on the data to obtain the shortest path from the origin and destination point that has been determined. From the study results obtained that the number of ants that have been used has an effect on the increase of possible solutions to optimal. The number of tours effect on the number of pheromones that are left on each edge passed ant. With the global pheromone update on each tour then there is a possibility that the path that has passed the ant will run out of pheromone at the end of the tour. This causes the possibility of inconsistent results when using the number of ants smaller than the number of tours.

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