Identification of Acyclic Isoprenoid Hydrocarbons in Wax Derived from Tank Bottom Sludge

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1588-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanat Kumar ◽  
K. M. Agrawal ◽  
Peter Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Tank Bottom ◽  
Isoprenoid Hydrocarbons

Distribution of isoprenoid hydrocarbons and alkylbenzenes in immature sediments: evidence for direct inheritance from bacterial/algal sources

1992 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred J. Vella ◽  
Gunther Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Isoprenoid Hydrocarbons

Research on Quantitative Method and 3D Finite Element Analysis of Tank Bottom Corrosion Defect Leakage Magnetic Field

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Dai ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Zhijun Yang ◽  
Yali Wang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Defect Size ◽  
Magnetic Signal ◽  
3D Finite Element ◽  
Leakage Magnetic Field ◽  
Tank Bottom ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Flux Leakage

According to the principle of magnetic flux leakage testing and the finite element numerical simulation, 3D finite element model (FEM) for MFL testing of tank bottom was established. Through simulative analysis, influence law between defect size and defect magnetic flux leakage field and the relationship curve of defect leakage magnetic field change with its size was obtained. The result showed that: When the length vary with sequence, the peak valley length of defects leakage magnetic signal increase with the increase of defect length, the relationship curve between each other is approximate linear; When the depth vary with sequence, the relationship between peak valley height of defects leakage magnetic signal and defect depth is also approximate linear, but this relationship was different with different length; When the width vary with sequence, on the defect symmetry plane, the peak of magnetic flux density along the width direction corresponded with the defect edge, and the length of the two peaks were equal to the width of the defect. According to simulation data and theory of regression analysis linear regression equation and relation surface between defect length depth and the characteristic quantity of its signal was established, quantitative method of defects signal was also proposed. Then experimental study was carried out in the Laboratory, the result show that the quantitative size was consistent with the actual defect size.

Tanks Assurance and Endorsement Extension Strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Abdul-Karim Khattab ◽  
Marwa Sami Alsheebani
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Major Overhaul ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Tank Bottom

Abstract The objective of this paper is to study various methods that can be implemented on existing or new tanks to achieve an extended endorsement period (e.g. 20 years plus) for Crude Oil Floating Roof Storage Tanks. This extended period is necessary in order to overcome anticipated future challenges in tank availability due to (i) increased production and loading, (ii) stretched major overhaul (MOH) duration due to unforeseen delays in MOH works, (iii) corrosion in bottom plates, etc. An extensive research based on international API Standard 653 "Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction" was conducted to achieve this extended period. Initially, some COS tanks aspects were assessed based on API SPEC 653 (2014, Addendum 2, May 2020) to achieve this new Tanks Endorsement Vision, such as: (a) studying the currently applied Corrosion Protection Barriers to the COS tanks and their effectiveness to the endorsement period, (b) the adequacy of commonly applied Corrosion Protection Barriers with respect to the endorsement period, and (c) exploring possible enhancements on COS Tanks Corrosion Protection Barriers, and Monitoring systems to extend tanks endorsement period. Based on API SPEC 653 (2014, Addendum 2, May 2020), currently applied tank safeguards were found inadequate to achieve the 20 years plus tank endorsement period requirement. In order to extend tanks endorsement period, additional safeguards shall be implemented, with special attention to tank bottom plates (soil side), since corrosion problems are mostly exhibited in tank bottom plates from the soil/oil side. Multiple solutions for corrosion safeguards were explored and recommended as part of this study such as the installation of a CP system under COS tanks, as well as installation of a corrosion monitoring system, and performing routine in-service inspections for COS tanks (internal and external) as per API SPEC 653 (2014, Addendum 2, May 2020), etc. Overall, this paper provides an insight on the calculation method of tanks endorsement period, and possible tank corrosion safeguards and controls that can be implemented to extend the COS tanks endorsement period to at least 20 years. Results and recommendations studied in this paper will benefit the Oil and Gas Industry and help in overcoming future challenges.

Analysis of the Influences of Soil Parameters on the Settlement of Storage Tank Foundation

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 372-376
Author(s):  
Xu Dong Zhang ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Ran Gang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Permeability Coefficient ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Compression Modulus ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Foundation Soil ◽  
Consolidation Settlement ◽  
Water Filling ◽  
Oil Tank ◽  
Tank Bottom ◽  
Main Factor

The settlement characteristics of storage tank foundation at water-filling preloading stage and stable loading stage was analyzed based on numerical simulation. And the influences of foundation soil parameters on the settlement of storage tank foundation were studied. The research results show that Uplift appears at the place 1.3D away from the center of oil tank bottom, and the final uplift value is 10mm.The main factor which influences the consolidation speed of storage tank foundation is permeability coefficient. The consolidation settlement is determined by compression modulus and load.

scholarly journals Mine surveying technique and steel storage tank base deformation removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Aleksandr I. Barulin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Steel Tank ◽  
Steel Tanks ◽  
Algebraic Actions ◽  
Minimum Height ◽  
Survey Accuracy ◽  
Tank Bottom ◽  
Mine Surveying

Introduction. Vertical steel tanks are extensively used in oil fields to hold crude oil and other liquids. Their construction requires continuous surveying control. However, measurement procedures, data processing, and deviations and documentation correction are not universal and cannot be applied for tanks with a capacity of less than 3000 m3. Moreover, the process of correcting the detected bottom irregularities is poorly substantiated and intuitive. Research objective is to improve the as-built survey accuracy and reliability of the low-capacity steel tank bottom, substantiate the minimum height of its irregularities, increase the objectivity and productivity of measurement processing, develop an unambiguous method for time-predictable correction of bottom irregularities, and substantiate the optimal contents of its relief’s as-built scheme. Methods of research. Geometric leveling for the bottom profile survey failed to provide adequate accuracy and was therefore replaced by the method of trigonometric leveling. A method has been developed for determining the deviations of the existent tank bottom profile from the design position by means of algebraic actions with surfaces of a topographic order. The accuracy of determining the smallest height of bottom irregularities has been estimated under the tacheometric survey. A method has been proposed for controlling the correction of tank bottom irregularities based on evaluation calculations of bottom deformations by the finite element method. Research results. All the development results are exemplified by a specific production example. It was found that for a full completion of work, two iterations of tank bottom irregularities correction are enough. Methods of optimal design for the facility’s as-built schemes are presented. Conclusions. A simple, accurate, low-cost, productive, and time-predictable method of mine surveying, mathematical processing and correction of deviations in the tank bottom profile has been developed. This technique reduces the construction period and increases the operating time of the facility.

scholarly journals Activated Flooded Jets and Immiscible Layer Technology Help to Remove and Prevent the Formation of Bottom Sediments in the Oil Storage Tanks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgii V. Nesyn
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
External Heat ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
High Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Screw Propeller ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Tank Bottom

Two flooded jet methods of tank bottom sediments caving based on either screw propeller generation or nozzle jets generated with entering crude head oppose each other. The comparison is not advantageous for the first one. Exceptionally if crude oil contains some concentration of high molecular weight polymer which can perform Drag Reduction. In this case, the jet range increases by many times, thus, upgrading the capability of caving system. Preventing the sedimentation of crude oil heavy components may be put into practice with Immiscible Layer Technology. Before filling the tank with crude oil, some quantity of heavy liquid, that is immiscible with all the components of crude oil, is poured into the tank. The most suitable/fit for purpose and available liquid is glycerin. Neither paraffin and resins, nor asphaltenes can penetrate through the glycerin layer to settle down at the tank bottom because of its density, which is equal to 1.26 g/cm3. Instead, sediments are concentrated at/on the glycerin surface and when it is heated in external heat exchanger all the sediments ought to move upwards with the convection streams. Thus, no deteriorate sediment is formed in the tank bottom.

Novel cyclohexyl isoprenoid hydrocarbons in carbonate-evaporite crude oils

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 624-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Barbe ◽  
J. O. Grimalt ◽  
J. Albaig�s
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oils ◽  
Isoprenoid Hydrocarbons
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