scholarly journals Raising the Bar: Increased Hydraulic Pressure Allows Unprecedented High Power Densities in Pressure-Retarded Osmosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Straub ◽  
Ngai Yin Yip ◽  
Menachem Elimelech
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Retarded Osmosis ◽  
Power Densities

scholarly journals On the understanding and feasibility of “Breakthrough” Osmosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Wu ◽  
Robert W. Field
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Pressure Retarded Osmosis ◽  
Permselective Membrane ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
Salt Diffusion ◽  
Power Densities ◽  
Very High

Abstract Osmosis is the movement of solvent across a permselective membrane induced by a solute-concentration gradient. Now in ‘Forward Osmosis’ it is empirically observed that the diffusion of the solute is counter to that of the solvent i.e. there is so-called “reverse salt diffusion”. However it has been recently suggested, in a theoretical paper, that if allowance is made for minor deviations from ideal semi-permeability then operation in an overlooked mode of “breakthrough” osmosis would be possible and importantly it would yield relatively large rates of osmosis. A consequential prediction was that in “breakthrough mode”, Pressure-Retarded Osmosis (PRO) would generate very high power densities exceeding those in the conventional mode by one order of magnitude. The practicality of this suggestion was explored and necessarily questions were then raised regarding the foundation of the Spiegler-Kedem-Katchalsky model. Arising from: Yaroshchuk, A., Sci. Rep. 7, 45168 (2017); 10.1038/srep45168

Microbial fuel cells with an integrated spacer and separate anode and cathode modules

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihua He ◽  
Xiaoyuan Zhang ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Xiuping Zhu ◽  
Yujie Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Power ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Reactor Design ◽  
Stable Structure ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Power Densities

Using wire spacers enabled in a reactor design that produced high power densities and maintained a stable structure under hydraulic pressure. The separation of the anodes and cathodes into separate modules provides a scalable MFC design with good accessibility for electrode construction, operation and maintenance.

scholarly journals Near-field thermophotovoltaics for efficient heat to electricity conversion at high power density

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohith Mittapally ◽  
Byungjun Lee ◽  
Linxiao Zhu ◽  
Amin Reihani ◽  
Ju Won Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Pv Cell ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Power Densities

AbstractThermophotovoltaic approaches that take advantage of near-field evanescent modes are being actively explored due to their potential for high-power density and high-efficiency energy conversion. However, progress towards functional near-field thermophotovoltaic devices has been limited by challenges in creating thermally robust planar emitters and photovoltaic cells designed for near-field thermal radiation. Here, we demonstrate record power densities of ~5 kW/m2 at an efficiency of 6.8%, where the efficiency of the system is defined as the ratio of the electrical power output of the PV cell to the radiative heat transfer from the emitter to the PV cell. This was accomplished by developing novel emitter devices that can sustain temperatures as high as 1270 K and positioning them into the near-field (<100 nm) of custom-fabricated InGaAs-based thin film photovoltaic cells. In addition to demonstrating efficient heat-to-electricity conversion at high power density, we report the performance of thermophotovoltaic devices across a range of emitter temperatures (~800 K–1270 K) and gap sizes (70 nm–7 µm). The methods and insights achieved in this work represent a critical step towards understanding the fundamental principles of harvesting thermal energy in the near-field.

Realizing both High Energy and High Power Densities by Twisting Three Carbon-Nanotube-Based Hybrid Fibers

2015 ◽  
Vol 127 (38) ◽  
pp. 11329-11334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Xunliang Cheng ◽  
Wei Weng ◽  
Jing Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
High Power ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hybrid Fibers ◽  
Power Densities

High Power-Density SiC Converter

2008 ◽  
Vol 600-603 ◽  
pp. 1223-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Ichi Kinouchi ◽  
Hiroshi Nakatake ◽  
T. Kitamura ◽  
S. Azuma ◽  
S. Tominaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Effective Volume ◽  
Similar Rating ◽  
Power Densities ◽  
System Volume

A compact SiC converter having power densities about 9 W/cm3 is designed and fabricated. It is confirmed that the converter operates in a thermally permissive range. The power loss of the module of the converter measured under motor operations is less than 50% of the similar-rating Si module loss. The shrink of the effective volume of DC-link capacitor is necessary to achieve the high power-density SiC converter, in addition to the decrease of the cooling system volume due to the loss reduction caused by SiC devices.

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