Closed-Loop Tuning of Set-Point-Weighted Proportional–Integral–Derivative Controllers for Stable, Integrating, and Unstable Processes: A Unified Data-Based Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1041-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyh-Cheng Jeng ◽  
En-Ping Fu
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Unstable Processes ◽  
Loop Tuning

scholarly journals Design of modified 2-degree-of-freedom proportional–integral–derivative controller for unstable processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1465-1471
Author(s):  
Ziwei Li ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Ridong Zhang ◽  
Hongbo Zou ◽  
Furong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Outer Loop ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Disturbance Suppression ◽  
Unstable Processes

Concerning first-order unstable processes with time delays that are typical in chemical processes, a modified 2-degree-of-freedom proportional–integral–derivative control method is put forward. The system presents a two-loop structure: inner loop and outer loop. The inner loop is in a classical feedback control structure with a proportional controller intended for implementing stable control of the unstable process; the outer loop is in a 2-degree-of-freedom structure with feedforward control of set points, where the system’s tracking response of set points is separated from its disturbance response. To be specific, the system has a feedforward controller that is designed based on the controlled object models and mainly used for regulating the system’s set point tracking characteristics; besides, it has a feedback controller that is designed on the ground of direct synthesis of disturbance suppression characteristics to improve the system’s disturbance rejection. To verify the effectiveness, the system is put into a theoretical analysis and simulated comparison with other methods. Simulation results show that the system has good set point tracking characteristics and disturbance suppression characteristics.

Proportional–integral–derivative controller family for pole placement

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (20) ◽  
pp. 3791-3797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimpalthradi R Ashokkumar ◽  
George WP York ◽  
Scott F Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Pole Placement ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative Controller ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Linear Time Invariant ◽  
Generalized Eigenvalue ◽  
Square Systems ◽  
Time Invariant

In this paper, linear time-invariant square systems are considered. A procedure to design infinitely many proportional–integral–derivative controllers, all of them assigning closed-loop poles (or closed-loop eigenvalues), at desired locations fixed in the open left half plane of the complex plane is presented. The formulation accommodates partial pole placement features. The state-space realization of the linear system incorporated with a proportional–integral–derivative controller boils down to the generalized eigenvalue problem. The generalized eigenvalue-eigenvector constraint is transformed into a system of underdetermined linear homogenous set of equations whose unknowns include proportional–integral–derivative parameters. Hence, the proportional–integral–derivative solution sets are infinitely many for the chosen closed-loop eigenvalues in the eigenvalue-eigenvector constraint. The solution set is also useful to reduce the tracking errors and improve the performance. Three examples are illustrated.

Assessment of Proportional Integral Derivative Control Loops for Large Dominant Time Constant Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ghousiya Begum ◽  
A. Seshagiri Rao ◽  
T. K. Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative Control ◽  
Integrating Process

Abstract This manuscript deals with the assessment of parallel form of proportional integral derivative (PID) control structure for tracking the reference input designed for large dominant time constant processes whose dynamics are slow (integrating processes). The theoretical bound of integral absolute error (IAE) which is established for unstable first order process is extended to pure integrating process without using any approximations. This relies on direct synthesis tuning (DS) and the theoretical bound is obtained from the transfer function of closed loop system subjected to ramp input changes. An error based performance index is formulated on the basis of this IAE theoretical bound and actual IAE, to measure the behaviour of the controller employed for non self regulating (integrating) processes. This error based index evaluates the performance of closed loop controller and specifies whether the controller requires retuning or not. A sequence of simulated examples is used to illustrate the benefit and effectiveness of this new performance assessment method.

Robustness in fractional proportional–integral–derivative-based closed-loop systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1933-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Akbari Moornani ◽  
M. Haeri
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Closed Loop Systems

scholarly journals Pengontrolan Kecepatan Mobile Robot Line Follower Dengan Sistem Kendali PID

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
Hendri Miftahul ◽  
Firdaus Firdaus ◽  
Derisma Derisma
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Proportional Integral

Perkembangan teknologi robotika telah mampu menciptakan robot cerdas yang memiliki keistimewaan-keistimewaan khusus, salah satunya yaitu mobile robot line follower. Mobile robot line follower merupakan suatu jenis robot beroda yang memiliki sensor untuk mendeteksi suatu garis dengan pola tertentu yang bergerak mengikuti garis tersebut. Untuk memberikan perubahan pergerakkan mobile robot line follower menjadi lebih halus tanpa menimbulkan pergerakan yang kaku maka pengaturan kecepatan mobile robot line follower dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan sistem kendali PID (Proportional Integral Derivative). Sistem kendali PID digunakan untuk mengkoreksi error dari pengukuran variabel input (sensor) agar output sistem sesuai dengan nilai set point untuk menghasilkan error yang sekecil mungkin. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan yang dilakukan, didapatkan nilai parameter kontrol PID yang terbaik dengan nilai Kp=9, Kd=3 dan Ki=1, dimana nilai tersebut mampu merespon posisi mobile robot line follower agar selalu mendekati nilai set point dan memiliki waktu yang tercepat mencapai finis dengan waktu 6930 ms.

scholarly journals Pengujian Sistem Pengendalian Temperatur pada Prototipe Heat Exchanger Berbasis PID

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Asepta Surya Wardhana ◽  
Hana Amelinda Azizah ◽  
Chalidia Nurin Hamdani
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Servo Valve ◽  
Proportional Integral

Rancang bangun sistem pengendalian temperatur heat exchanger berbasis PID artinya mengendalikan temperatur air dingin keluaran heat exchanger yang telah dirancang agar sesuai dengan nilai set point melalui pengendalian mode controller PID (Proportional Integral Derivative). Pengendalian temperatur dilakukan dengan melibatkan pengendalian laju aliran air panas. Ketika set point temperatur air dingin heat exchanger dinaikkan maka servo valve semakin membuka sehingga laju aliran air panas bertambah. Software Delphi 7 digunakan untuk menampilkan hasil berupa angka dan grafik dari data proses sistem pengendalian temperatur. Nilai parameter mode kontroler PID didapat melalui metode trial and error. Sebagai pembanding, dilakukan perhitungan PID ideal menggunakan metode direct synthesis untuk diterapkan pada kalkulasi pengendalian sistem di dalam mikrokontroler Arduino. Perhitungan PID ideal memerlukan hasil bump test dari masing?masing variabel proses. Hasil analisis data dan grafik interface menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan set point dari 25? menjadi 32? pada temperatur air keluaran heat exchanger mengakibatkan bukaan servo valve mendekati bukaan penuh dan berada pada kondisi hunting system saat temperatur telah mencapai set point. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh Time Constant 89,744 detik, Settling Time 127,232 detik dan Rise Time 127,8 detik.

Analisis Kinerja Cuk Converter Charge Controller dengan Kontrol PID pada Off-Grid Photovoltaic System

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Meirena Aulia Nabella ◽  
Andriani Parastiwi ◽  
Subiyantoro Subiyantoro
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Cuk Converter ◽  
Proportional Integral

 Indonesia memiliki potensi energi matahari yangcukup besar karena merupakan negara tropis. Salah satupemanfaatannya dari potensi tersebut adalah teknologiPhotovoltaic yang dapat merubah energi matahari menjadilistrik, namun menghasilkan daya tidak stabil bergantung padaintensitas cahaya matahari, sehingga perlu adanya kontroleryang dapat menstabilkan daya keluaran photovoltaic yaituCharge controller yang dapat digunakan untuk mencari titikmaksimal dengan menaikkan dan menurunkan tegangan sesuaidengan set point dengan menggunakan salah satu DC-DCconverter yaitu cuk converter. Metode kontrol yang digunakanadalah kontrol PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) dengannilai konstanta Kp= 0,7; Ki= 6 dan Kd=0,02 untuk mengontroltegangan keluaran photovoltaic agar sesuai dengan setpoint.Setpoint yang diberikan adalah 13 Volt dimana merupakantegangan maksimal yang dapat diterima oleh baterai dimanahasil pengujian charge controller dengan cuk converterkontrol PID dapat berfungsi untuk pengisian baterai.

Enhanced Dynamic Set-point Weighting Design for Two-Input-Two-Output (TITO) Unstable Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purushottama Rao Dasari ◽  
A. Seshagiri Rao
Keyword(s):  
Pid Control ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Unstable Systems ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Unstable Processes ◽  
Tito Systems ◽  
Independent Loops

Abstract Control of unstable systems with time delays usually result in overshoots in the closed loop responses. The intricacy involved in multivariable unstable processes further makes the problem more challenging. In industry, set-point weighting is one of the recommended methods to minimize the overshoot. However, design of the set-point weighting parameters determines the percentage of minimization of the overshoot. In this paper, a method is proposed to design the set-point weighting parameters for unstable multivariable processes which is relatively simple and also reduces the overshoot. Weighting is considered for both proportional (β) and derivative (γ) terms in the PID control law. In the closed loop relation for set-point tracking, the coefficients of ‘s’ and ‘s3’ both in the numerator and denominator are made equal in order to find dynamically β and γ. The obtained expressions for β and γ are simple and dynamically depends on the controller parameters and are applied to TITO systems in present work. Decouplers are used in TITO systems mainly to reduce the interaction between the loops so that they can be viewed as independent loops. Decoupler design suggested by (Hazarika and Chidambaram [1] has been used in this work and two TITO unstable processes with time delays are illustrated here. Comparison with the reported methods available in literature verifies that the proposed method gives improved closed loop performance.

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