The Behavior of Some Carbonaceous Materials at Very High Pressures and High Temperatures

1965 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 3063-3069 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Wentorf

During the researches upon high-pressure explosions of carbonic oxide-air, hydrogen-air, etc., mixtures, which have been described in the previous papers of this series, a mass of data has been accumulated relating to the influence of density and temperature upon the internal energy of gases and the dissociation of steam and carbon dioxide. Some time ago, at Prof. Bone’s request, the author undertook a systematic survey of the data in question, and the present paper summarises some of the principal results thereof, which it is hoped will throw light upon problems interesting alike to chemists, physicists and internal-combustion engineers. The explosion method affords the only means known at present of determining the internal energies of gases at very high temperatures, and it has been used for this purpose for upwards of 50 years. Although by no means without difficulties, arising from uncertainties of some of the assumptions upon which it is based, yet, for want of a better, its results have been generally accepted as being at least provisionally valuable. Amongst the more recent investigations which have attracted attention in this connection should be mentioned those of Pier, Bjerrum, Siegel and Fenning, all of whom worked at low or medium pressures.


2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1158-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Plumb ◽  
Jeff R. Mazzeo ◽  
Eric S. Grumbach ◽  
Paul Rainville ◽  
Michael Jones ◽  
...  

1977 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis P. Bundy

The elasticity of vapours, in contact with the liquids from which they are produced under high pressures in high temperatures, is known to increase in a higher ratio than the arithmetical one of the temperature; but the exact law is not determined, and the loss of latent heat in compression, and the re-absorption in expansion, renders the advantage of steam under great pressure and at very high temperatures doubtful in an economical view. No such doubt, however, exists in regard to those fluids which require very great compression for their existence, and where common temperatures are sufficient to produce an immense elastic force. Thus sulphuretted hydrogen, which condenses into a liquid under a pressure of 14 atmospheres at 3°, had its elastic force increased so as to equal a pressure of 17 atmospheres by raising its temperature to 47°. Liquid muriatic acid at 3° exerted an elastic force equal to the pressure of 20 atmospheres, at 25° = 25 atmospheres, and at 51° = 45 atmospheres. After some experimental illustrations of the expansibility of the vapour of sulphuret of carbon at different temperatures, the author adverts to the possible application of the difficultly compressible gases, as mechanical agents, and to their power of producing cold by the rapidity of their evaporation.


1983 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Scheindlin

For several decades the behavior of carbon and carbonaceous materials has been observed with unvarying interest. Well known are two polymorphous modifications of carbon, namely, graphite and diamond, each possessing unique physicochemical properties which make them attractive for extensive utilization in numerous industries.The history of carbon studies at high temperatures and pressures produced quite a few examples of ingenious experimental techniques and experimenter's skill, however, many of those studies only resulted in the emergence of new, hard-to-solve problems. This is precisely the case with the melting and vaporization of graphite.


1951 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bailey

Consideration of the following matters is made important by recent progress to high operating steam pressures and temperatures: the changing and more favourable distribution of stress in a pipe, the accompanying creep, and their application to the rational and economical design of steam piping; the determination of permissible working stress; differences in American and British procedures and consequent differences in stress magnitudes; the influence of operating fluctuations of pressure and temperature and the choice of a design temperature at rated pressure to provide for them; tentative considerations of behaviour of ferritic and austenitic steels; the action of creep at operating pressure and temperature in reducing and removing the initial thermal expansion loading of a pipe-line, and in imposing it fully when cold. In these connexions some consideration should be paid to bolted, or otherwise removable, joints at terminal or other special positions; the problem of making a joint between ferritic and austenitic steel piping and components; the factors of materials and corrosion; promised adequacy of existing ferritic steels for present requirements, and application of the principles operative at very high temperatures to piping for less advanced conditions, and economy arising therefrom.


Author(s):  
Debashis Mukherji ◽  
Joachim Rösler ◽  
Pavel Strunz ◽  
Ralph Gilles ◽  
Gerhard Schumacher ◽  
...  

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