Physical properties of water in fuel oil emulsions (density and bulk compressibility)

1980 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Siegmund ◽  
Michael L. Storbeck ◽  
James B. Cross ◽  
H. Scott Fogler
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Bulk Compressibility ◽  
Oil Emulsions

An Experimental Investigation of Burning Droplets of Emulsified Marine Fuel Oils with Water

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Cherng-Yuan Lin ◽  
Chein-Ming Lin ◽  
Che-Shiung Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Flame Length ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Burning Time ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
O 15 ◽  
Time Required

An experimental investigation is presented of the influences of emulsification of marine fuel oils A and C with water on the micro-explosion phenomenon and combustion characteristics of a burning droplet. The amount of surfactant and water-to-oil ratio by volume in the emulsion are varied to observe the variations of ignition delay, flame length, time required to attain the maximum flame length, duration as well as intensity of micro-explosion, flame appearance, and overall burning time. The measurements show that the emulsification effects on the combustion of marine fuel oils A and C are different. A droplet of C-oil emulsion is shown to be influenced by the addition of water and surfactant more significantly. The micro-explosion phenomena of droplets of A-and C-oil emulsions are seen to occur after and before their ignition, respectively. In addition, separate combinations of water and surfactant content exist for these fuel oils to achieve better emulsification effects on combustion. Droplets of emulsions with W/O = 15/85, E% = 2% for fuel oil A and W/O = 25/75, E% = 1% for fuel oil C are found to have the most violent droplet-disruption phenomenon and the longest flame length.

Physical properties of organogels and water in oil emulsions structured by mixtures of candelilla wax and monoglycerides

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 1360-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge F. Toro-Vazquez ◽  
Rosalba Mauricio-Pérez ◽  
Marco Martín González-Chávez ◽  
Mayra Sánchez-Becerril ◽  
José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Candelilla Wax

scholarly journals Mimicking the Crude Oil and Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Demulsification Process in Power Plants for Preparing a New Demulsifiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
Faris Moayed Ahmed Hamdy ◽  
Abdullatif Mohammed Raouf ◽  
Israa Abdulsatar Esmael ◽  
Laith Hamza Thuaban ◽  
Nadia Fakhry Ibraheem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Demulsification Process

Water–in–oil emulsions are a big challenge in the production and processing of crude oil due to its bad influence on the fundamental and practical aspects of industrial facilities. Researches for decades gave this phenomena a great deal in the planning to construct power plants, refineries, oil companies and other industrial facilities that uses crude oil as a raw material. In order to overcome the disadvantages and hazards of water–in–oil emulsions researchers used chemical, electrical, thermal and mechanical methods individually or in combination. The chemical method has gained the main interest due to its ease of use and economic feasibility. Demulsifiers have been used extensively to solve the problem of water in oil emulsions. The choice of using the right combination of chemicals had been reached after studying many factors such as cost and safety. This research addresses many fundamental and practical aspects regarding demulsifiers and oil demulsification aiming to find the best selection of chemicals that can be used to treat crude oil before using, refining or transporting it. The crude oil in this research had been demulsified and tested by the spectroil test method while the bottle test method had not been used to mimic the demulsification process used in power plant. The work was carried out using two types of oil, crude oil (containing 7 ppm Na and K salts concentration) and heavy fuel oil HFO (containing 12 ppm Na and K salts concentration). The crude oil samples were taken from Al – Hilla 2 power plant while the HFO samples were taken from South Baghdad 2 power plant. The results showed that the water miscible chemicals and chemicals with sufficient solubility that used as a demulsifiers like the acrylic derivatives gave the best demulsification when using more wash water percentage. While the combination of water miscible chemicals and chemicals with sufficient solubility and oil soluble chemicals gave the best results in treating heavy fuel oil while using less wash water percentage.

Effects of Emulsified Fuel on Combustion in a Four-Stroke Diesel Engine

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
James A. Harbach ◽  
Vito Agosta
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Emulsified Fuel ◽  
Peak Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Oil Emulsions

While the use of emulsified fuel in diesel engines has been an area of much research interest in recent years, the promising results reported in laboratories have not been easy to reproduce in commercial practice. Many of these studies have only measured external effects such as fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. A single-cylinder research engine was operated with water/diesel fuel oil and hydrous ethanol/diesel fuel oil emulsions of varying percentages. Crank angle, cylinder pressure and injector lift were recorded electronically over 50 engine cycles, permitting calculation of the mean and standard deviation of key combustion parameters. The results showed decreased fuel consumption and increased ignition delay, peak cylinder pressure and maximum cylinder pressure rise rate for emulsion operation. While the standard deviation data showed little change in cycle-to-cycle variation for wateremulsion operation, increases of over 200 percent were measured for operation at ethanol amounts over 20 percent.

The Erika Oil Spill: Laboratory Studies Conducted To Assist Responders

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Guyomarc'h ◽  
François-X Merlin ◽  
Hélène Budzinski ◽  
Laurent Mazeas ◽  
Christian Chaumery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Water Accommodated Fractions

ABSTRACT Immediately following the Erika oil spill, responders raised many questions concerning the identification of the fuel oil, its behavior in the water column, and physical properties, potential toxicity, environmental impacts, and the feasibility of various countermeasures to treat the spill. Several laboratories in France conducted simultaneous complementary investigations. The Laboratoire d'Analyse de Surveillance et d'Expertise de la Marine (LASEM) performed oil analyses of various samples collected at sea and on the shore for identification as well as for confirming the oil drifting predictions. The CEntre de Documentation de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux (CEDRE) studied oil behavior and its physical properties under realistic conditions in its flume test canal to predict the evolution of the product spilled at sea. Simultaneously, the Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP) and the Laboratoire de Physico-Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC) carried out oil chemical analyses of the polyaromatic compounds and the water accommodated fractions for environmental risk assessments. Finally, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) investigated the possibility for oil biodegradation through laboratory experiments. This experimental information was of great interest for response operations. Field observations validated laboratory predictions, especially those concerning physical properties.

scholarly journals Effect of magnesium salt concentration in water-in-oil emulsions on the physical properties and microstructure of tofu

2016 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaomei Zhu ◽  
Feifei Wu ◽  
Masayoshi Saito ◽  
Eizo Tatsumi ◽  
Lijun Yin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Magnesium Salt ◽  
Oil Emulsions

The Esso Energy Award Lecture, 1988 - Improvements in the combustion of heavy fuel oils

1989 ◽  
Vol 423 (1865) ◽  
pp. 233-265 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coke Formation ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oils ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Individual

The changing pattern of demand for oil products has required that refining practices be adjusted to maximize yields of premium products from crudes. There has been a concomitant deterioration in the quality of the ‘residual’ or ‘heavy’ fuel oil used in power generation. A major constraint on the burning of such heavy fuel is a restriction on particulate emissions. These emissions largely comprise carbon particles (coke), which form from the individual oil spray droplets and remain unburnt. Poorer quality oils have an increased propensity to form coke, and can give rise to unacceptable emissions. One way of countering these increases is to make the fuel spray finer and hence improve burn-out. Research has been aimed firstly at quantifying the effects of those oil properties that directly influence coke formation and combustion and then at developing improved atomizers and water-in-oil emulsions to reduce droplet sizes.

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