A Method for Interactive Visual Optimization of the Therapeutic Dose Field in Contact Radiation Therapy of Malignant Tumors (Theoretical Aspects of the Problem)

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
L. Ya. Klepper
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Dose Field ◽  
Contact Radiation

Histologic Findings of Choroidal Vasculopathy in Eyes Enucleated following Radiation Therapy for Uveal Melanoma: Radiation Choroidopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Platt ◽  
Diva R. Salomao ◽  
Jose Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Radiation Retinopathy ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
Choroidal Vessels ◽  
Choroidal Vasculopathy

Abstract Introduction Little has been published about the choroidal vascular changes that occur years after radiation exposure. The aim of this study was to review the histological changes observed in the choroidal vasculature following radiotherapy for uveal melanoma. Methods Records from a single institution were retrospectively reviewed from June 7, 2007 to June 7, 2017; 101 patients with a diagnosis of uveal melanoma that underwent enucleation had their records reviewed. Out of these, a total of 26 eyes had undergone plaque brachytherapy prior to enucleation, which had been performed at a mean time of 7.2 years (range from 0 years to 30 years) after the initial plaque placement. A histopathologic analysis was conducted on all 26 eyes with special emphasis on the choroidal changes. Of these 26 eyes, 18 demonstrated evidence of radiation-induced vasculopathy. Results Of the 18 eyes, 10/18 (55%) had radiation retinopathy and 16/18 (89%) had radiation choroidal vasculopathy. One patient had a phthisical eye, and the choroid could not be evaluated because the characteristics of the vasculature could not be determined. Nine cases had vitreous hemorrhage (50%), all cases had radiation retinopathy, and 8/9 (89%) had radiation choroidopathy. Of the 16 cases with radiation choroidal vasculopathy, 3/16 (19%) had only intratumoral radiation choroidal vasculopathy, 3/16 (19%) had only extratumoral radiation choroidal vasculopathy, and, thus, 10/16 (32%) had both intratumoral and extratumoral radiation choroidal vasculopathy. In patients with radiation choroidal vasculopathy, 2/16 (13%) had hyalinization of the choroidal vessels. Another 3/16 (19%) cases with radiation choroidal vasculopathy had ectatic vessels. The other 11/16 (68%) had evidence of both hyalinization of the choroidal vessels as well as ectatic vessels in the choroid. Histological evidence of radiation retinopathy and choroidopathy were seen in 69% of eyes enucleated after receiving radiation therapy, which, in some cases, also had vitreous hemorrhage. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, choroidal neovascularization, and retinal choroidal anastomoses (RAP-type lesions) were seen in 12 of the 16 eyes (75%). Discussion/Conclusion Irradiation of malignant tumors of the eye causes not only radiation retinopathy but also radiation choroidopathy. The role of radiation choroidopathy in the subsequent visual loss following radiotherapy and the role of anti-VEGF therapy needs to be recognized and distinguished from radiation retinopathy. Our data adds to the prior limited knowledge that radiation affects the choroid and can induce specific phenotypes similar to the clinical spectrum of CNV, PCV, and RAP.

Systemic Therapy for Head and Neck Skin Cancers

FACE ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 273250162110138
Author(s):  
Rebecca Knackstedt ◽  
Peter Taub ◽  
Gary Rogers ◽  
Brian Gastman
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
Recurrent Tumors ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Systemic Therapies ◽  
Melanoma Skin

The mainstay of curative therapy for head and neck skin cancers relies upon surgery and/or radiation therapy. However, for some aggressive, non-resectable or recurrent tumors, systemic therapy is necessary. Recent emerging classes of drugs have shown to improve survival for high-risk, recurrent, and unresectable variants of these tumors. The goal of this paper is to review options for systemic therapies for head and neck skin cancers including melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancers and other rare and non-malignant tumors.

scholarly journals Radiation therapy and treatment results of malignant tumors of the lower jam

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (S1) ◽  
pp. S124-S124
Author(s):  
H. D. Böttcher ◽  
W. Wagner ◽  
L. Schertel
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Treatment Results

scholarly journals Radiation therapy and treatment results in malignant tumors of the tongue

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (S1) ◽  
pp. S124-S124
Author(s):  
H. D. Böttcher ◽  
W. Wagner ◽  
L. Schertel
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Treatment Results

scholarly journals LATE RADIATION TOXICITY AFTER RADICAL RADIOTHERAPY FOR GENITAL CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 130-147
Author(s):  
O. Sukhina ◽  
◽  
K. Nemaltsova ◽  
O. Panov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Radiation Toxicity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Radiation Cystitis ◽  
Local Radiation ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Female Genital

Radiation therapy for malignant tumors of the female genital area, even with the use of modern radiotherapy equipment and dosimetric planning, causes the development of local radiation changes. An approach involving methods of general and local exposure is used in their treatment. One of the most promising directions is the creation of optimal combinations of medicines (in the form of ointments, gels, aerosols, suppositories, etc.), which have a therapeutic effect on the inflammatory process. The article reflects the clinical course and stage of occurrence of late radiation reactions of the skin, vaginal/cervix mucosa, bladder, and intestines, as well as the features of their treatment. Literary data and own practical experience in the treatment of radiation complications are presented. When reviewing the topic under study, it could be concluded that the leading cause of the development of local radiation damage is the errors in the planning and implementation of radiation therapy, when high absorbed doses that exceed the tolerance of healthy tissues are used. Another reason for this is the poor accounting for dose distribution of ionizing radiation in tissues, the presence of concomitant diseases in patients, and the underestimation of the long-term effects of radiation. Key words: female genital organs, radiation damage, radiodermatitis, radioepitheliitis, radiation rectitis, radiation cystitis.

scholarly journals Тhe effect of cancer patients’ positioning accuracy during radiation therapy sessions using medical linear electron accelerators on the parameters of their individual 3D dose distribution

Doklady BGUIR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
M. N. Piatkevich ◽  
E. V. Titovich ◽  
G. V. Belkov
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Individual Dose ◽  
Dose Distributions ◽  
The Impact

Due to the rapid development and further improvement of radiation treatment technologies oncologists have an opportunity to precisely deliver individual dose distributions to the tumor, minimizing the doses obtained by critical organs and healthy structures. For the correct and successful application of these complex methods of radiation therapy, it was necessary to enforce the requirements for the technical and dosimetric parameters of the radiotherapy equipment. The purpose of the research is to determine the magnitude of the possible error for patients’ positioning during their radiotherapy treatments using medical linear accelerators by modeling the impact of the patient’s body on the treatment couch. To determine the values of a possible error, the authors have considered the design and characteristics of a typical treatment couch, developed a model of the “average” patient’s body (phantom), which allowed changing the load to the treatment couch with a step of 1 kg. The position parameters of treatment couches were determined for the main types of localization of radiation therapy for malignant tumors: head and neck tumors, breast tumors and pelvic tumors. Numerical values of the treatment coach deviations from prescribed horizontal position were experimentally established for a load from 40 to 180 kg for a treatment couch used at the N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus. Based on the obtained experimental data, the necessity to correct the patient's treatment conditions at the stage of treatment planning were confirmed in order to ensure the delivery accuracy of individual dose distributions as required by the radiation therapy protocols. Authors stated that an analysis of the dependence of the deviations in the dose delivered to the patients on the deviation of the radiotherapy table from its horizontal position should be carried out for each radiotherapy table used in clinical practice. The development and implementation of a mechanism that will allow considering this information when choosing the parameters of the patient’s treatment session and prescribing the dose for any localization of malignant neoplasms is needed.

scholarly journals OTHR-02. MULTIMODALITY TREATMENT FOR CHILDREN WITH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) TUMOR IN OUR INSTITUTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii423-iii423
Author(s):  
Mari Sasano ◽  
Koichiro Sumi ◽  
Nobuhiro Moro ◽  
Hideki Oshima ◽  
Maiko Hirai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Multimodality Treatment ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Treatment Team ◽  
Cns Tumor

Abstract BACKGROUND The brain tumor has a highest mortality rate among childhood malignant tumors. Development of peripheral blood stem cell transplant combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy improved the survival rate of patients with pediatric brain tumor drastically late years. Because of its complicated treatment plan, neurosurgeons cannot readily manage these aggressive therapies which require minute whole body control including prevention of lethal infection due to bone marrow suppression. Even if such treatment is effective and patient survives, the aftereffects may reduce patient’s QOL. PURPOSE We report outcomes of the patients with CNS tumor after multimodality treatment. In addition, we introduce the activity contents by the in-hospital children brain tumor multi-disciplinary medical treatment team organized in March 2016. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 29 patients (under 15 years old) diagnosed as CNS tumors with total of 43 tumor surgeries between January 2001 and December 2019. RESULTS The histopathological diagnoses were 7 germ cell tumor, 7 astrocytic tumor, 4 ependymal tumor, 4 medulloblastoma, 2 craniopharyngioma, 2 AT/RT and 3 others. The mean age at first surgery was 7.4 y.o. (range: 0.3–14.8). Both chemotherapy and radiation therapy were performed in 22 cases out of 29. There were 15 survivors (11 ambulant, 3 W/C, 1 bedridden), 12 deaths, 2 lost follow-ups. Mean follow-up period was 66 months (range: 1–206). CONCLUSION To improve outcomes, we hold on a regular basis of team meeting, discuss treatment plan, and share information. Recently, we also care issues of the patients, such as fertility and palliative medicine.

scholarly journals Radiation therapy for oligometastatic cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
N.  V. Dengina ◽  
T. V. Mitin ◽  
I.  V. Tsimafeyeu ◽  
S.  V. Usychkin
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Local Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oligometastatic Cancer

Current approaches to the treatment of patients with metastatic malignant tumors have changed significantly over the past decade. Instead of a purely palliative systemic or just supportive therapy, a large proportion of patients receive an aggressive local treatment directed not only to the primary tumor, but also to metastatic foci, and a number of studies demonstrate the advantage of such approach. This review provides information on the role of radiation therapy as a local method of treatment of cancer patients with oligometastases.

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