scholarly journals Oral administration of Lactobacillus casei Shirota can ameliorate the adverse effect of an acute aflatoxin exposure in Sprague Dawley rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Elham Nikbakht ◽  
Rosita Jamaluddin ◽  
S. Mohd Redzwan ◽  
Saman Khalesi
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei Shirota ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Abstract. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic compound commonly found in some crops with an adverse health effect on human and animals. Some beneficial microorganisms (or probiotics) such as lactic acid bacteria have shown the ability to reduce the bioavailability of aflatoxins and its intestinal absorption. However, the dose and duration of aflatoxins exposure and probiotic treatment can influence the ability of probiotics to remove aflatoxins. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the efficacy of oral probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain (LcS) induction in an acute exposure to AFB1 in rats. Experimentally, Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: AFB1 only (n = 9); AFB1 treated with LcS (n = 9); and control (no AFB1 exposure) (n = 6) groups. The blood AFB1 level of rats treated with LcS was slightly lower than the untreated AFB1 induced rats (11.12 ± 0.71 vs 10.93 ± 0.69 ng g–1). Also, LcS treatment slightly moderated the liver and kidney biomarkers in AFB1 induced rats. However, a trend for a significant difference was only observed in ALT of AFB1 induced rats treated with LcS compared to their counterparts (126.11 ± 36.90 vs 157.36 ± 15.46, p = 0.06). Rats’ body weight decreased in all animals force-fed with AFB1 with no significant difference between LcS treatment compared to the counterpart. In conclusion, this experiment indicated that probiotic LsC was able to slightly ameliorate the adverse effect of an acute exposure to AFB1 in rats. However, future studies with longer probiotics treatment or higher probiotics dose is required to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF LEVELS OF ISOLATION, OR VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN, HIGH FIBRE HULL FRACTION OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEALS ON RAT OR PIG PERFORMANCE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
F. X. AHERNE ◽  
A. J. LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Forty-eight crossbred pigs of average initial weight 21 kg were fed 10% Tower rapeseed meal (RSM) and 10% Candle RSM as partial replacements for soybean meal (SBM). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric. Pigs fed the SBM diet consumed less feed, gained significantly (P < 0.01) faster and were more efficient at converting feed to gain than those fed the RSM diets. Performance of pigs fed Candle RSM was not significantly different to that obtained with Tower RSM. In a second experiment, dehulled Tower RSM and Tower RSM hulls were mixed in amounts to produce RSM with crude fibre levels of 6.8, 10.8, 13.5 and 15.8%. The simulated RSM and Tower and Candle RSM were used to completely replace SBM in the diets of weanling (75 g) Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats fed SBM had significantly (P < 0.05) higher average daily gain (ADG) than those fed Tower or Candle RSM, or diets containing the rapeseed meats. There was no significant (P < 0.05) difference in ADG, feed intake or feed to gain ratio of rats fed either Tower or Candle RSM. Feed intake, feed to gain ratio and fecal volatile fatty acid concentrations increased while average daily gain decreased with increasing level of hulls in simulated RSM diets. There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in thyroid weight between rats fed SBM, Tower RSM or Candle RSM.

The effect of probiotic treatment on elderly patients with distal radius fracture: a prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lei ◽  
L-M. Hua ◽  
D-W. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Distal Radius Fracture ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Radius Fracture ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei Shirota ◽  
Probiotic Treatment

Probiotic treatment has been shown to improve bone formation, increase bone mass density and prevent bone loss. We aimed to assess the effect of probiotic treatment on functional recovery in elderly patients with a distal radius fracture. A total of 417 elderly patients with an acute distal radius fracture were enrolled in this double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. They were randomised to receive skimmed milk containing either a commercial probiotic (Lactobacillus casei Shirota) or placebo daily for a period of 6 months after the fracture. Treatment outcomes were the DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand) score, pain, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) score, active range of motion and grip strength, all of which were measured on a monthly basis. Throughout the duration of the study, DASH score, pain, CRPS score, wrist flexion and grip strength of patients receiving probiotics exhibited a significantly faster pace of improvement than those on placebo, with treatment outcomes of patients receiving Lactobacillus casei Shirota at month 4 at comparable levels with those of patients receiving placebo at month 6. In elderly patients with a fracture of the distal radius, administration of the probiotic could greatly accelerating the healing process.

scholarly journals Structural Alteration in Dermal Vessels and Collagen Bundles following Exposure of Skin Wound to Zeolite–Bentonite Compound

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Paydar ◽  
Ali Noorafshan ◽  
Behnam Dalfardi ◽  
Shahram Jahanabadi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sterile Normal Saline ◽  
Animal Skin ◽  
The Impact

Background. This study examines the impact of one-time direct application of haemostatic agent zeolite–bentonite powder to wounded skin on the healing process in rats. Materials and Methods. 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into two groups (n=12): (1) the rats whose wounds were washed only with sterile normal saline (NS-treated) and (2) those treated with zeolite–bentonite compound (ZEO-treated). The wound was circular, full-thickness, and 2 cm in diameter. At the end of the 12th day, six animals from each group were randomly selected and terminated. The remaining rats were terminated after 21 days. Just after scarification, skin samples were excised and sent for stereological evaluation. Results. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding the length density of the blood vessels and diameter of the large and small vessels on the 12th day after the wound was inflicted. Besides, volume density of both the dermis and collagen bundles was reduced by 25% in the ZEO-treated rats in comparison to the NS-treated animals after 21 days. Conclusions. One-time topical usage of zeolite–bentonite haemostatic powder on an animal skin wound might negatively affect the healing process through vasoconstriction and inhibition of neoangiogenesis.

Distribution and metabolism of corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Candas ◽  
Josée Lalonde ◽  
Maurice Normand
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rapid Injection ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

To develop a mathematical model of the distribution and metabolism of rat corticotropin-releasing factor (rCRF), the time course of 125I-labelled rCRF in plasma was measured in male Sprague–Dawley rats (i) following a rapid injection of 24 ng rCRF/100 g body weight (BW), or (ii) following a rapid injection of 424 ng rCRF/100 g BW, or (iii) during an infusion at a rate ranging from 0.28 to0.73 ng rCRF∙min−1∙100 g BW−1. The comparison of the one-, two-, and three-compartment models shows that the two-pool structure fits better to the dynamics of CRF in plasma as measured in each rat. Following a rapid injection the decay curve occurs in a biphasic manner; the early phase of disappearance is 25 times faster than the late one. There is no significant difference between the estimates of the metabolic clearance rate following both amplitudes of injection (0.40 ± 0.06 and 0.48 ± 0.05 mL∙min−1∙100 g BW−1). The volume of the first pool, 16.8 ± 1.1 mL/100 g BW, is four times larger than the plasma volume. It would thus appear that CRF is rapidly distributed from plasma into several tissues which are represented in the first pool of the model. The mean residence time of every CRF molecule in the second compartment, from the moment of secretion to its elimination, is from three to four times longer than in the first one. It stays, on average, between 140 min and 3 h in the system before an irreversible exit. At steady state, the disposal rate represents only 3% of the CRF mass of the first compartment every minute. These results could explain the prolonged effects of CRF on pituitary-adrenocortical secretion.

Distribution and metabolism of adrenocorticotropin in the rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1024-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Normand ◽  
Josee Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Two Compartment Model ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Endogenous Release

The time course of plasma bioactive adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) concentrations measured following two rapid injections of the hormone at doses of 7.5 and 22.5 mU/100 g, iv, and one infusion over a period of 80 min at a rate of 1.3 mU/min per 100 g, to male Sprague–Dawley rats whose endogenous release of ACTH had been blocked, leads to the conclusion that the hormone is distributed in two compartments. Indeed, the rapid fall of plasma ACTH concentrations in the early minutes following either the injections or the stop of the infusion is followed by a much slower phase. There is no significant difference between the measurements and the two-compartment model outputs. The model represents, on the average, the mean values of the measurements plus or minus 1 standard error for the single injections and plus or minus 1.2 standard error for the infusion.

scholarly journals Urinary excretion of aflatoxin M1 after administration of aflatoxin B1 in sucrose- or starch-rich diets

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wise ◽  
M. Suzangar ◽  
M. Messripour ◽  
J. Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Drug Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Aflatoxin B

1. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were given 630 g/kg sucrose or starch with 2 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 for periods of 75, 145 and 200 d, and the 24 h urinary excretion of aflatoxin M1 was measured.2. Less aflatoxin M1 was excreted by the rats fed on the sucrose-rich diet compared to those fed on the starch-rich diet. This difference was especially marked when expressed per g metabolizing tissue.3. It is concluded that sucrose probably decreases the activity of aflatoxin B1 metabolism in a similar way to its previously found effect on the drug-metabolizing enzyme.

Subchronic Hepatotoxicity Evaluation of 1,2,4-Tribromobenzene in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darol E. Dodd ◽  
Linda J. Pluta ◽  
Mark A. Sochaski ◽  
Kathleen A. Funk ◽  
Russell S. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Significant Incidence ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 1,2,4-tribromobenzene (TBB) by gavage for 5 days, 2, 4, and 13 weeks at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, or 75 mg/kg per d. There were no TBB exposure-related clinical signs of toxicity or changes in body weight. Liver weight increases were dose and exposure time related and statistically significant at ≥10 mg/kg per d. Incidence and severity of centrilobular cytoplasmic alteration and hepatocyte hypertrophy were dose and time related. The 75 mg/kg per d group had minimally increased mitoses within hepatocytes (5 days only). Hepatocyte vacuolation was observed (13 weeks) and was considered TBB exposure related at ≥25 mg/kg per d. Concentrations of blood TBB increased linearly with dose and at 13 weeks, ranged from 0.5 to 17 µg/mL (2.5-75 mg/kg per d). In conclusion, rats administered TBB doses of 10-75 mg/kg per d for 13 weeks had mild liver effects. A no observed adverse effect level of 5 mg/kg per d was selected based on the statistically significant incidence of hepatocyte hypertrophy at doses ≥10 mg/kg per d.

Oral Toxicity of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee C. B. Crouse ◽  
Emily May Lent ◽  
Glenn J. Leach
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 200 ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Human Health Effects

3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), an insensitive explosive, was evaluated to assess potential environmental and human health effects. A 14-day oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats was conducted with NTO in polyethylene glycol -200 by gavage at doses of 0, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, or 2000 mg/kg-d. Body mass and food consumption decreased in males (2000 mg/kg-d), and testes mass was reduced at doses of 500 mg/kg-d and greater. Based on the findings in the 14-day study, a 90-day study was conducted at doses of 0, 30, 100, 315, or 1000 mg/kg-d NTO. There was no effect on food consumption, body mass, or neurobehavioral parameters. Males in the 315 and 1000 mg/kg-d groups had reduced testes mass with associated tubular degeneration and atrophy. The testicular effects were the most sensitive adverse effect and were used to derive a benchmark dose (BMD) of 70 mg/kg-d with a 10% effect level (BMDL10) of 40 mg/kg-d.

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