Friendship Homophily Among Diaspora Migrant Adolescents in Germany and Israel

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Titzmann ◽  
Rainer K. Silbereisen ◽  
Eva Schmitt-Rodermund
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Immigrant Adolescents ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
German Immigrants ◽  
Best Friends ◽  
Acculturation Orientation ◽  
Jewish Immigrants ◽  
Migrant Adolescents ◽  
Strength Of Association

Abstract. Immigrant adolescents have been found to prefer intraethnic over interethnic friendships, a phenomenon called friendship homophily (FH). This study investigates whether Russian Jewish immigrants in Israel and ethnic German immigrants in Germany differ in their FH rates, which variables predict friendship homophily in each sample, and whether relative strength of association between predictors and FH differs between both samples. FH is measured using reports on best friends, cliques, and distant friendships. Results found FH, in general, to be more pronounced in the Russian Jewish sample, and acculturation orientation and language use predicted interindividual differences in FH in both samples. Perceived discrimination predicted higher levels of FH in cliques and distant friendships only in Israel. Findings suggest the importance of acculturation in selecting intra- or interethnic friends.

From Monocultural to Multicultural

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khatereh Arbabi ◽  
Christine Jean Yeh ◽  
Zuria Mahmud ◽  
Amla Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Cultural Transition ◽  
Descriptive Phenomenology ◽  
Immigrant Adolescents ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Transition Into Adulthood ◽  
Transition Issues ◽  
Migrant Adolescents ◽  
The Impact

Migration to a new country can be very difficult for adolescents as they are also experiencing a critical transition into adulthood. The current study investigates cross-cultural transition issues facing Iranian immigrant adolescents living in Malaysia. Data were gathered from individual interviews with 100 Iranian adolescents (ages 14-18 years), who have lived in Malaysia for between 2 months and 5 years. Descriptive phenomenology qualitative research was used to explore the impact of the migration process on Iranian adolescents. Analysis revealed five major themes regarding participants’ life experiences in Malaysia: (a) initial expectations; (b) differences in ethnicity, religion, and beliefs; (c) communication barriers; (d) differences in personal evaluations; and (e) psychological issues. The results of this study clearly show that migration for Iranian adolescents in Malaysia is a time of unexpected challenges that may not be experienced by other migrant adolescents in other countries. Our findings contribute to the literature on the unique experiences of Iranian adolescents living in Malaysia and also build on the current research on adolescents who have recently immigrated. In addition, our results further uncover the process of immigration for individuals who are moving from a monocultural society (such as Iran) to a multicultural context (such as Malaysia).

scholarly journals Community Characteristics and Mortality: The Relative Strength of Association of Different Community Characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 1751-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitty S. Chan ◽  
Eric Roberts ◽  
Rachael McCleary ◽  
Christine Buttorff ◽  
Darrell J. Gaskin
Keyword(s):  
Relative Strength ◽  
Community Characteristics ◽  
Strength Of Association

Narrative discourse of native and immigrant Russian-speaking mother-child dyads

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Shulova-Piryatinsky ◽  
Debra A. Harkins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Socialization ◽  
Picture Book ◽  
The United States ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Ashkenazi Jewish ◽  
Ashkenazi Jews ◽  
Narrative Process ◽  
Jewish Immigrants

Mother-child storytelling was used here as a first step toward exploring language socialization through the narrative discourse of Russian-speaking non-Orthodox Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants in two host cultures. This study examined five groups of mother-child dyads: Russian-speaking Ashkenazi Jews living in Ukraine, Israel, and the United States and two Russian-speaking Jewish immigrant groups living in the United States and Israel. These five groups of mothers and their three to five-year-old children were asked to tell a story using a wordless picture book. This study sought to examine the themes of home present in narrative discourse across these groups. More specifically, this research attempted to explore the ways in which the narrative process may facilitate and/or obstruct the necessary skills children need to be socialized into their cultural communities (Ochs, 2002; Ochs & Schieffelin, 2008). Measures included quantitative analysis of the length of narrative, use of questions, character speech, emotion qualifiers, and switches in language use for mothers and their children as well as narrative expressions of issues of loss common among immigrant groups. Findings are discussed in terms of how narratives reveal the language socialization practices of immigrants, including linguistic choices made to use native or host goals and styles and thematic expression of their immigrant experience.

scholarly journals Predators, prey or temperature? Mechanisms driving niche use of a foundation plant species by specialist lizards

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1947) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian J. Bell ◽  
Tim S. Doherty ◽  
Don A. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Foundation Species ◽  
Mesocosm Experiment ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Invertebrate Abundance ◽  
Strength Of Association

Foundation species interact strongly with other species to profoundly influence communities, such as by providing food, refuge from predators or beneficial microclimates. We tested relative support for these mechanisms using spinifex grass ( Triodia spp.), which is a foundation species of arid Australia that provides habitat for diverse lizard communities. We first compared the attributes of live and dead spinifex, bare ground and a structurally similar plant ( Lomandra effusa ), and then tested the relative strength of association of two spinifex specialist lizard species ( Ctenophorus spinodomus and Ctenotus atlas ) with spinifex using a mesocosm experiment. Temperatures were coolest within spinifex compared to bare ground and Lomandra. Invertebrate abundance and the threat of predation were indistinguishable between treatments, suggesting temperature attenuation may be a more important driver. Overall, the dragon C. spinodomus preferred live over dead spinifex, while the skink C. atlas preferred dead spinifex, particularly at warmer air temperatures. However, both species displayed individual variability in their use of available microhabitats, with some individuals rarely using spinifex. Our results provide an example of temperature attenuation by a foundation species driving niche use by ectothermic animals.

scholarly journals What Defines Language Dominance in Bilinguals?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Treffers-Daller
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Language Dominance ◽  
Direct Measures

This article focuses on the construct of language dominance in bilinguals and the ways in which this construct has been operationalized. Language dominance is often seen as relative proficiency in two languages, but it can also be analyzed in terms of language use—that is, how frequently bilinguals use their languages and how these are divided across domains. Assessing language dominance is important because it has become clear that the level of bilinguals’ proficiency in each language and the relative strength of each language affect performance on tasks. A key distinction is made between direct measures of language dominance, which assess an aspect of language proficiency (e.g., vocabulary or grammar), and indirect ones, which measure variability in exposure to different languages and bilinguals’ use of them. The article includes an evaluation of the extent to which the latter can be interpreted as a proxy for the former.

Acculturation through the lens of language: Syrian refugees in Canada and Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1351-1374
Author(s):  
Katrin Lindner ◽  
Kathleen Hipfner-Boucher ◽  
Anna Yamashita ◽  
Claudia Maria Riehl ◽  
Mohcine Ait Ramdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Syrian Refugee ◽  
Refugee Families ◽  
Multiple Contexts ◽  
Majority Culture ◽  
Acculturation Orientation ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies

AbstractThe objective of our study was to investigate the acculturation experiences of Syrian refugee families in two contexts (Toronto, Canada, and Munich, Germany) 2 years postresettlement. Specifically, using qualitative methodologies, we examined acculturation orientation through the lens of parent and child minority and majority language use and preferences within multiple contexts. The interview data related to parent and child minority and majority language practices in Canada suggested an integration orientation. Those of families living in Germany were less indicative of a clear orientation; contextual factors restricted parents’ participation in the majority culture, while the youngest of their children tended toward assimilation. Our study revealed similarities and differences in the acculturation experiences of Syrian refugees in Canada and Germany and unveiled specific factors that influenced acculturation orientation in each country.

scholarly journals Association between 1-mile run times in training and selected predictors: A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
John Hart ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
Strength Of Association

Runners have an interest in what variables might help them achieve faster run times. In this case study of an individual runner, six predictors are compared to his 1-mile run times over a 1-year period. The six predictors consisted of run sessions (1, 2, etc), outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, time of day that run began, resting heart rate (HR) on day of run, and heart rate variability also on day of run. Predictors that showed statistically significant correlations were included in multiple linear regression to compare relative strength of association with run times. Two predictors qualified for regression analysis: run session and HR. Both continued to show statistically significant associations in regression.

scholarly journals The assessment of language maintenance in bilingual children

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 94-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozena Dubiel
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Language Dominance ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Shifts

This study investigates potential shifts in relative language dominance in early sequential bilinguals across the primary school years. The subjects are thirty-eight Polish-English speaking children. A new test, the Child HALA (Dubiel & Guilfoyle, 2017), is introduced, which measures shifts in relative language strength by comparing lexical accuracy and response time between two languages. This test has been designed specifically for use with children, and is based on the HALA psycholinguistic tool (O’Grady, Schafer et al., 2009). The aim of this study is twofold. The first goal is to evaluate shifts in the relative language strength in both languages by examining changes in lexical accuracy and response time (RT). The focus is on the impact of word frequency on lexical accuracy and access, and the link between the frequency of language use and its relative strength and maintenance in bilinguals. The second aim is to examine the CHILD HALA’s suitability, reliability and applicability in research on language acquisition and maintenance in young bilinguals. In particular, the objective is to evaluate whether the test will show a pattern of shifts in language strength comparable to the outcomes of previous research. The results show that the children’s relative language dominance shifts from the initially stronger L1 Polish to the more dominant L2 English between the age of eight and eleven. The Child HALA test discovers reliable results across age groups and languages when compared with other studies that investigated lexical accuracy and access (Kohnert, Bates & Hernandez, 1999; Jia, Kohnert, Collado & Aquino-Garcia, 2006), and therefore may be considered as a reliable method in assessing language strength and maintenance in children. The results also support the earlier finding by O’Grady et al. (2009) and Tang (2011) of the response time measure being more sensitive and precise in the assessment of language strength than lexical accuracy alone. This study contributes to the broader field of bilingual language acquisition, and the Child HALA may be considered as a reliable method in assessing language strength and maintenance in young children.

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