scholarly journals Are Minority Opinions Shared Less?

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Birka Zapf ◽  
Mandy Hütter ◽  
Kai Sassenberg
Keyword(s):  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Excellent Opportunity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Product Ratings ◽  
The Web

Abstract. Product evaluation portals on the web that collect product ratings provide an excellent opportunity to observe opinion sharing in a natural setting. Evidence across different paradigms shows that minority opinions are shared less than majority opinions. This article reports a study testing whether this effect holds on product evaluation portals. We tracked the ratings of N = 76 products at 12 measurement points. We predicted that the higher (lower) the mean initial rating of a product, the more positive (negative) the newly contributed ratings will differ from this baseline – as an indication of the preferred sharing of majority compared to minority opinions. We found, however, that newly added ratings were on average less extreme than earlier ratings. These results can either be interpreted as regression to the mean or evidence for the preferred sharing of minority opinions.

Improving Document Retrieval with Spelling Correction for Weak and Fabricated Indonesian-Translated Hadith

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-557
Author(s):  
Muhammad zaky ramadhan ◽  
Kemas Muslim Lhaksmana
Keyword(s):  
Retrieval System ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Vector Space Model ◽  
Document Retrieval ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Average Precision ◽  
Spelling Correction ◽  
Space Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Web

Hadith has several levels of authenticity, among which are weak (dhaif), and fabricated (maudhu) hadith that may not originate from the prophet Muhammad PBUH, and thus should not be considered in concluding an Islamic law (sharia). However, many such hadiths have been commonly confused as authentic hadiths among ordinary Muslims. To easily distinguish such hadiths, this paper proposes a method to check the authenticity of a hadith by comparing them with a collection of fabricated hadiths in Indonesian. The proposed method applies the vector space model and also performs spelling correction using symspell to check whether the use of spelling check can improve the accuracy of hadith retrieval, because it has never been done in previous works and typos are common on Indonesian-translated hadiths on the Web and social media raw text. The experiment result shows that the use of spell checking improves the mean average precision and recall to become 81% (from 73%) and 89% (from 80%), respectively. Therefore, the improvement in accuracy by implementing spelling correction make the hadith retrieval system more feasible and encouraged to be implemented in future works because it can correct typos that are common in the raw text on the Internet.

Mines in the End Zone: Are there Downsides to Team Performance?

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy V. Mumford ◽  
M. Travis Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Role Overload ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Occupational Psychology ◽  
Team Success ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Overconfidence Bias

Abstract Research on teams in organizations tends to focus on understanding the causes of team performance with a focus on how to enjoy the benefits of team success and avoid the negative consequences of team failure. This paper instead asks the question, ‘what are some of the negative consequences of team success?’ A review of the literature on teams is augmented with research from cognitive science, sociology, occupational psychology, and psychology to explore the potential negative long-term consequences of teamwork success. The general topics of groupthink, overconfidence bias, regression to the mean, role overload, and strategy calcification are reviewed while discussing the implications for future research streams and practical team management.

scholarly journals Are the Effects of Homeopathy Attributable to a Statistical Artefact? A Reanalysis of an Observational Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Lüdtke ◽  
Stefan N. Willich ◽  
Thomas Ostermann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Component Scores ◽  
True Population ◽  
Respective Standard Deviation

Background. Cohort studies have reported that patients improve considerably after individualised homeopathic treatment. However, these results may be biased by regression to the mean (RTM).Objective. To evaluate whether the observed changes in previous cohort studies are due to RTM and to estimate RTM adjusted effects.Methods. SF-36 quality-of-life (QoL) data from a German cohort of 2827 chronically diseased adults treated by a homeopath were reanalysed by Mee and Chua’s modifiedt-test.Results. RTM adjusted effects, standardized by the respective standard deviation at baseline, were 0.12 (95% CI: 0.06–0.19,P<0.001) in the mental and 0.25 (0.22–0.28,P<0.001) in the physical summary score. Small-to-moderate effects were confirmed for the most individual diagnoses in physical, but not in mental component scores. Under the assumption that the true population mean equals the mean of all actually diseased patients, RTM adjusted effects were confirmed for both scores in most diagnoses.Conclusions. Changes in QoL after treatment by a homeopath are small but cannot be explained by RTM alone. As all analyses made conservative assumptions, true RTM adjusted effects are probably larger than presented.

Empirical methods for assessing meaningful neuropsychological change following epilepsy surgery

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Sawrie ◽  
Gordon J. Chelune ◽  
Richard I. Naugle ◽  
Hans O. Lüders
Keyword(s):  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Reliable Change ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AbstractTraditional methods for assessing the neurocognitive effects of epilepsy surgery are confounded by practice effects, test-retest reliability issues, and regression to the mean. This study employs 2 methods for assessing individual change that allow direct comparison of changes across both individuals and test measures. Fifty-one medically intractable epilepsy patients completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery twice, approximately 8 months apart, prior to any invasive monitoring or surgical intervention. First, a Reliable Change (RC) index score was computed for each test score to take into account the reliability of that measure, and a cutoff score was empirically derived to establish the limits of statistically reliable change. These indices were subsequently adjusted for expected practice effects. The second approach used a regression technique to establish “change norms” along a common metric that models both expected practice effects and regression to the mean. The RC index scores provide the clinician with a statistical means of determining whether a patient's retest performance is “significantly” changed from baseline. The regression norms for change allow the clinician to evaluate the magnitude of a given patient's change on 1 or more variables along a common metric that takes into account the reliability and stability of each test measure. Case data illustrate how these methods provide an empirically grounded means for evaluating neurocognitive outcomes following medical interventions such as epilepsy surgery. (JINS, 1996, 2, 556–564.)

Regression to the mean

Nutrition ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett Fitzmaurice
Keyword(s):  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
The Mean

Correcting for Regression to the Mean in Behavior and Ecology

2005 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Kelly ◽  
Trevor D. Price
Keyword(s):  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals Analyzing Individual Differences in Intervention-Related Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 251524592097917
Author(s):  
Tanja Könen ◽  
Julia Karbach
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Occupational Psychology ◽  
Average Group ◽  
The Mean

Intervention studies can be expensive and time-consuming, which is why it is important to extract as much knowledge as possible. We discuss benefits and limitations of analyzing individual differences in intervention studies in addition to traditional analyses of average group effects. First, we present a short introduction to latent change modeling and measurement invariance in the context of intervention studies. Then, we give an overview on options for analyzing individual differences in intervention-related changes with a focus on how substantive information can be distinguished from methodological artifacts (e.g., regression to the mean). The main topics are benefits and limitations of predicting changes with baseline data and of analyzing correlated change. Both approaches can offer descriptive correlational information about individuals in interventions, which can inform future variations of experimental conditions. Applications increasingly emerge in the literature—from clinical, developmental, and educational psychology to occupational psychology—and demonstrate their potential across all of psychology.

China's economy will struggle to halt secular slowdown

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strong Force ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
Global Growth ◽  
China’S Economy

Significance Comparisons with two formerly fast-growing Asian neighbours, Japan and South Korea, suggest that China will continue to slow for another decade. Analysis of global growth trends over 50 years points to a strong force of ‘regression to the mean’, meaning that continued high-speed growth is statistically unlikely. Impacts Continued Chinese economic slowing will reduce global demand for resources such as iron ore and coal. Achieving productivity growth will require deepening reforms to increase the role of the market, the private sector and competition. World Bank economists emphasise that imposing stricter financial discipline is a key step to enhancing market-based productivity gains.

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