scholarly journals Distribution of runup heights of the December 26, 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Ho Choi ◽  
Sung Jin Hong ◽  
Efim Pelinovsky
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
2004 Tsunami

scholarly journals Current condition of coastal protection structures of Meulaboh, Westcoast of Sumatra Island, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
W B Setyawan ◽  
E Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Erosion Hazard ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
2004 Tsunami ◽  
The City ◽  
Protection Structures

Abstract Meulaboh is coastal city that has tourism potential. The city has been facing coastal erosion hazard since a long time from high energy wave activity coming from Indian Ocean. To protect the coast from the erosion hazard, a coastal defence structures were built along the city’s coast overlooking the Indian Ocean. Before the 2004 tsunami, hard structures built on the coast that open to waves from the Indian Ocean were damaged by daily wave activity. This study assess effectiveness of the current coastal protection structures protect coastline in the three coastal segments of the city, namely the Padang Seurahet, Ujung Karang and Kampung Pasir, in order to find out if the construction of the structures is the right choice. Related to the tourism potential of Meulaboh City also studied the possibility to expand the function of the structures. The coastal protection structures data for this study were mainly obtained from field observations in June 2021. Effectiveness of the structures protecting coastline were analysed based on technical criteria. Meanwhile, possibility to expand the function of the structures were analysed according to environmental condition of the coastal segments and types of tourism activity. The results of this study show that the hard structure that now exists on Meulaboh coast can protect the city’s coast from the hazard of erosion without negatively impacting the surrounding coastline. In addition, the structure is considered to be expandable to support the development of tourism potential of Meulaboh City. Thus it can be conclude that the choice of hard structure for coastal protection in most of Meulaboh coastline is appropriate.

INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI ON 26 DECEMBER 2004: NUMERICAL MODELING OF INUNDATION IN THREE CITIES ON THE SOUTH COAST OF SRI LANKA

2008 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. WIJETUNGE ◽  
XIAOMING WANG ◽  
PHILIP L.-F. LIU
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
The South ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Inundation Maps ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
2004 Tsunami

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caused enormous loss of lives and damage to property in Sri Lanka and in several other countries bordering the Indian Ocean. One way of mitigating potential loss of lives from a similar event in the future is through early warning and quick evacuation of vulnerable coastal communities to safer areas, and such evacuation planning is usually carried out based on inundation maps. Accordingly, the present paper outlines the numerical modelling carried out to develop tsunami inundation maps on a grid of 10 m resolution for three cities on the south coast of Sri Lanka. The results give the tsunami arrival time contours and the spatial distribution of the extent of inundation, the maximum flow velocities as well as the hydrodynamic force in these three cities due to an event similar to the 2004 tsunami.

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: A 1000-yr-old tsunami in the Indian Ocean points to greater risk for East Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Maselli
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Tsunami Modeling ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
2004 Tsunami ◽  
Area Section

Additional information on the study area (Section S1), radiocarbon dating of the samples (Section S2), grain size analysis (Section S3), paleoenvironmental reconstructions (Section S4), tsunami modeling (Section S5), and eyewitnesses of the 2004 tsunami in Pangani (Section S6), and the Ethics statement (Section S7).<br>

Historical evidence warns about disastrous tele-tsunami risk on the coast of East Africa.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Maselli ◽  
Davide Oppo ◽  
Andrew Moore ◽  
Aditya Gusman ◽  
Cassy Mtelela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
2004 Tsunami ◽  
Made In

&lt;p&gt;The 2004 tsunami killed more than 200,000 people in Asia, but fewer than 300 in all East Africa. As a result, the search for ancient precursors has focused primarily along the coastlines of the Northern and Eastern Indian Ocean. No efforts to study past events were made in East Africa, leading to an underestimation of the tsunami risk in the region. Here we document a 1,000-yr old event that devastated a coastal Swahili settlement in Tanzania. Our study suggests a tsunami wave as the most likely explanation, in agreement with coeval tsunami deposits elsewhere across the Indian Ocean. &amp;#160;Numerical simulations of tsunami flooding suggest a megathrust earthquake from the Andaman-Sumatra subduction zone as a potential source, with a larger magnitude than the 2004 event. Our findings indicate that tele-tsunamis represent a serious threat to coastal societies along the Western Indian Ocean, with implications for future tsunami hazard and risk assessments.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Pola Kejadian Tsunami dan Perkembangan Manajemen Bencana di Indonesia setelah Tsunami Samudra Hindia Tahun 2004: Sebuah Tinjauan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bachtiar W. Mutaqin ◽  
Ikhwan Amri ◽  
Bagas Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
2004 Tsunami

Indonesia memiliki catatan sejarah yang panjang dengan bencana tsunami. Dari sejumlah kejadian tsunami yang ada, tsunami Samudra Hindia tahun 2004 dinilai sebagai bencana alam yang paling mematikan sepanjang abad dan paling berperan dalam mengubah paradigma manajemen kebencanaan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau pola kejadian tsunami dan perkembangan manajemen bencana di Indonesia setelah tsunami tahun 2004 dengan memanfaatkan database tsunami dan tinjauan literatur. Sebanyak 22 kejadian tsunami telah tercatat di Indonesia selama 2005-2018, di mana sebagian besar lokasi tsunami terkonsentrasi di Pulau Sumatera bagian barat dan bersumber dari Samudra Hindia. Tujuh kejadian diantaranya menimbulkan dampak signifikan, termasuk dua tsunami terakhir yang dipicu oleh faktor non seismik. Sistem manajemen bencana sebenarnya telah mengalami perubahan secara besar-besaran setelah tsunami tahun 2004, mulai dari berlakunya peraturan perundang-undangan tentang penanggulangan bencana, pembentukan institusi baru untuk penanggulangan bencana, hingga konstuksi sistem peringatan dini tsunami (InaTEWS). Meskipun telah berfokus pada upaya preventif, dampak tsunami dalam beberapa tahun terakhir masih cukup besar. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh 4 faktor utama: (1) konsentrasi penduduk yang tinggi di area bahaya tsunami, (2) terbatasnya infrastruktur diseminasi peringatan dini, (3) kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk melakukan evakuasi mandiri tanpa menunggu peringatan, dan (4) sistem peringatan dini tsunami belum mempertimbangkan faktor non seismik.Indonesia has a long history with the tsunami. From numerous tsunami events in the world, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was considered as the deadliest natural disaster of the century and had the most role in changing the paradigm of disaster management in Indonesia. This study aims to review the spatial pattern of tsunami events and the development of disaster management in Indonesia following the 2004 tsunami through the tsunami database and literature review. At least there are 22 tsunami events were recorded in Indonesia in the period of 2005-2018, where most of its locations were concentrated on the western part of Sumatra Island and sourced from the Indian Ocean. We had identified that seven of these events have significant impacts, including the last two tsunamis triggered by non-seismic factors. The disaster management system has actually improved drastically following the 2004 tsunami, such as the enactment of laws and regulations on disaster management, the establishment of special institutions for disaster management, and the construction of a tsunami early warning system (InaTEWS). Although it has focused on preventive measures, tsunami impacts in recent years are still quite large. This situation is affected by four factors: (1) high and dense population in the tsunami hazard area, (2) limited infrastructure for early warning dissemination, (3) lack of public awareness to conduct evacuations following the disaster events, and (4) early warning systems for tsunami has not considered yet the non-seismic factors.

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: A 1000-yr-old tsunami in the Indian Ocean points to greater risk for East Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Maselli
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Tsunami Modeling ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
2004 Tsunami ◽  
Area Section

Additional information on the study area (Section S1), radiocarbon dating of the samples (Section S2), grain size analysis (Section S3), paleoenvironmental reconstructions (Section S4), tsunami modeling (Section S5), and eyewitnesses of the 2004 tsunami in Pangani (Section S6), and the Ethics statement (Section S7).<br>

scholarly journals SPATIO-TEMPORAL EVALUATION OF LONG-TERM EARTHQUAKE EVENTS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION IN GENESIS OF <i>TSUNAMI</i> IN THE INDIAN OCEAN

2019 ◽  
Vol IV-5/W2 ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Khan ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
P. Lal
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Fault Line ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
2004 Tsunami ◽  
Very High

Abstract. A very high magnitude earthquake (9.1 MW) triggered a devastating Tsunami in the Indian Ocean on 26th December 2004. The epicentre was located at 3.3° N, 95.8° E with a focal depth of ~30 km. The impacts of Tsunami were felt as far away in Somalia, Tanzania and Kenya along the east coast of Africa. Considering the role of earthquake, in the present study the spatio-temporal analysis of long term (1901 to 2019) earthquake events was performed, which recorded by USGS to understand the genesis of Tsunami (2004) in the Indian Ocean. The study exhibited that the maximum frequency of earthquake was observed between the ranges of 4 MW to 6 MW on the Richter scale during 2001–2010. There was only one earthquake event > 8 MW on the Richter scale (26th December 2004 having depth 30 km) in the Indian Ocean recorded during 1901–2019. The study exhibited that the maximum earthquake was observed between 30–40 km below the surface, and primarily of moderate to low magnitudes. The proximity analysis along the major fault line indicates that the maximum earthquakes were in the buffer of 200 km from fault line in Bay of Bengal. The decadal variation of earthquake exhibits that the maximum number of earthquake events (8427 events) were triggered during the year 2001–2010, whereas during the year 2004, the total 902 earthquake events > 4 MW was recorded. The study indicates that the earthquakes > 7 MW (on Richter scale) and depth below 30 km (shallow earthquake) are primarily responsible to major Tsunami events in the Indian Ocean. The very high magnitude (> 9 MW on the Richter scale) and shallow depth (~30 km) are the major cause of 2004 Tsunami and its high level of damage. There were very low frequency (10–15 events) of earthquake occurred having magnitude > 7 and depth < 30 km.

Verification of Disaster Management Information on the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Using Virtual Tsunami Warning System

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Takahashi ◽  
◽  
Tomohiro Konuma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
2004 Tsunami

There is still no tsunami warning systemprotecting the shores of the Indian Ocean, but imagine that a tsunami warning system had been in operation at the time of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. What disaster management information would have been issued for this tsunami ? This paper first proposes four tsunamimodels based on the earthquake information issued by different institutions. Next, setting these tsunami models as the initial condition, tsunami simulations are conducted to find the height of the tsunami striking the coastline around the Indian Ocean. As a result, it is indicated that because the tsunami model immediately after occurrence of the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake and the Indian Ocean tsunami calculated from this model are underestimated, appropriate tsunami warnings would most probably not have been issued before the 2004 tsunami struck land.

scholarly journals Impact of 2004 Tsunami in the Islands of Indian Ocean: Lessons Learned

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Ramalanjaona
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
2004 Tsunami ◽  
Tsunami Event

Tsunami of 2004, caused by a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, is the most devastating tsunami in modern times, affecting 18 countries in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa, killing more than 250,000 people in a single day, and leaving more than 1.7 million homeless. However, less reported, albeit real, is its impact in the islands of the Indian Ocean more than 1,000 miles away from its epicenter. This is the first peer-reviewed paper on the 2004 tsunami events specifically in the eleven nations bordering the Indian Ocean, as they constitute a region at risk, due to the presence of tectonic interactive plate, absence of a tsunami warning system in the Indian Ocean, and lack established communication network providing timely information to that region. Our paper has a dual objective: the first objective is to report the 2004 tsunami event in relation to the 11 nations bordering the Indian Ocean. The second one is to elaborate on lessons learned from it from national, regional, and international disaster management programs to prevent such devastating consequences of tsunami from occurring again in the future.

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