scholarly journals What Does the Pacific Arctic's New Normal Mean for Marine Life?

Eos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Sheffield Guy ◽  
Sue Moore ◽  
Phyllis Stabeno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

Climate change has reconfigured Arctic ecosystems. A 5-year project focuses on the relationships among oceanographic conditions and the animals and other life-forms in this region.

scholarly journals Power, the Pacific Islands, and the Prestige Press: A Case Study of How Climate Reporting is Influenced by UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Summits

2021 ◽  
pp. 194016122110180
Author(s):  
Meghan M. Shea ◽  
James Painter ◽  
Shannon Osaka
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Emotional Appeals ◽  
Issue Attention ◽  
Quantitative Results

While studies have investigated UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) meetings as drivers of climate change reporting as well as the geopolitical role of Pacific Islands in these international forums, little research examines the intersection: how media coverage of Pacific Islands and climate change (PICC) may be influenced by, or may influence, UNFCCC meetings. We analyze two decades of reporting on PICC in American, British, and Australian newspapers—looking at both volume and content of coverage—and expand the quantitative results with semi-structured interviews with journalists and Pacific stakeholders. Issue attention on PICC increases and the content changes significantly in the periods around UNFCCC meetings, with shifts from language about vulnerability outside of UNFCCC periods to language about agency and solutions. We explore the implications of these differences in coverage for both agenda setting and the amplification of emotional appeals in UNFCCC contexts.

scholarly journals Vulnerability of the North Water ecosystem to climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Ribeiro ◽  
Audrey Limoges ◽  
Guillaume Massé ◽  
Kasper L. Johansen ◽  
William Colgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Little Auk ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
North Water

AbstractHigh Arctic ecosystems and Indigenous livelihoods are tightly linked and exposed to climate change, yet assessing their sensitivity requires a long-term perspective. Here, we assess the vulnerability of the North Water polynya, a unique seaice ecosystem that sustains the world’s northernmost Inuit communities and several keystone Arctic species. We reconstruct mid-to-late Holocene changes in sea ice, marine primary production, and little auk colony dynamics through multi-proxy analysis of marine and lake sediment cores. Our results suggest a productive ecosystem by 4400–4200 cal yrs b2k coincident with the arrival of the first humans in Greenland. Climate forcing during the late Holocene, leading to periods of polynya instability and marine productivity decline, is strikingly coeval with the human abandonment of Greenland from c. 2200–1200 cal yrs b2k. Our long-term perspective highlights the future decline of the North Water ecosystem, due to climate warming and changing sea-ice conditions, as an important climate change risk.

scholarly journals Climate change and a poleward shift in the distribution of the Pacific white-sided dolphin in the northeastern Pacific

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Salvadeo ◽  
D Lluch-Belda ◽  
A Gómez-Gallardo ◽  
J Urbán-Ramírez ◽  
CD MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
Poleward Shift

Projected sea-level changes in the marginal seas near China based on dynamical downscaling

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Yi Jin ◽  
Xuebin Zhang ◽  
John A. Church ◽  
Xianwen Bao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Dynamical Downscaling ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Open Boundary ◽  
Open Boundary Conditions ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Marginal Seas ◽  
The Pacific

AbstractProjections of future sea-level changes are usually based on global climate models (GCMs). However, the changes in shallow coastal regions, like the marginal seas near China, cannot be fully resolved in GCMs. To improve regional sea-level simulations, a high-resolution (~8 km) regional ocean model is set up for the marginal seas near China for both the historical (1994-2015) and future (2079-2100) periods under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. The historical ocean simulations are evaluated at different spatiotemporal scales, and the model is then integrated for the future period, driven by projected monthly climatological climate change signals from 8 GCMs individually via both surface and open boundary conditions. The downscaled ocean changes derived by comparing historical and future experiments reveal greater spatial details than those from GCMs, e.g., a low dynamic sea level (DSL) centre of -0.15 m in the middle of the South China Sea (SCS). As a novel test, the downscaled results driven by the ensemble mean forcings are almost identical with the ensemble average results from individually downscaled cases. Forcing of the DSL change and increased cyclonic circulation in the SCS are dominated by the climate change signals from the Pacific, while the DSL change in the East China marginal seas is caused by both local atmosphere forcing and signals from the Pacific. The method of downscaling developed in this study is a useful modelling protocol for adaptation and mitigation planning for future oceanic climate changes.

Fungi and plant co-variation in Arctic Siberia inferred from sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding during the last 45.000 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara von Hippel ◽  
Kathleen R. Stoof-Leichsenring ◽  
Luise Schulte ◽  
Peter Seeber ◽  
Laura S. Epp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Arctic Siberia

<p>Climate change has a great impact on boreal ecosystems including Siberian larch forests. As a consequence of warming, larch grow is possible in areas where climate used to be too cold, leading to a shift of the tree line into more arctic regions. Most plants co-exist in symbiosis with heterotrophic organisms surrounding their root system. In arctic ecosystems, mycorrhizal fungi are a prerequisite for plant establishment and survival because they support nutrient uptake from nutrient-poor soils and maintain the water supply. Until now, however, knowledge about the co-variation of vegetation and fungi is poor. Certainly, the understanding of dynamic changes in biotic interactions is important to understand adaptation mechanisms of ecosystems to climate change.</p><p>We investigated sedimentary ancient DNA from Lake Levinson Lessing, Taymyr Peninsula (Arctic Siberia, tundra), Lake Lama, Lake Kyutyunda (both northern Siberia, tundra-taiga transition zone) and Lake Bolshoe Toko (southern Siberia, forest area) covering the last about 45.000 years using ITS primers for fungi along with the chloroplast P6 loop marker for vegetation metabarcoding. We found changes in the fungal communities that are in broad agreement with vegetation turnover. To our knowledge, this is the first broad ecological study on lake sediment cores to analyze fungal biodiversity in relation to vegetation change on millennial time scales.</p>

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