A compact antenna with a 6 mm ground clearance for 4G and 5G metal frame mobile phones is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of a coupled line, a ground branch, a monopole branch, and a tuning line. The ground branch and the coupled line are used to obtain the lower band (698–960 MHz), the monopole branch is used to improve the match at the lower band and obtain the higher band (1710–2690, 3400–3800 MHz), and the tuning line is used to improve the match at the higher band. The novelty of the proposed antenna is that more modes are excited and work together to obtain multiple working bands, by using the coupled line and the folded branches with the help of the tuning line, and then nine bands are obtained under the conditions of a 6 mm, only, ground clearance and a metal frame environment. A prototype has been fabricated and measured. The measured −6 dB impedance bandwidths are 345 MHz (0.685–1.03 GHz) and 2.16 GHz (1.67–3.83 GHz) at the lower and higher bands, respectively. The LTE700, GSM850, GSM900, DCS, PCS, UMTS, LTE2300, and LTE2500 bands for 2G, 3G, 4G, and the 3.5 GHz band that is possible for 5G are covered. The measured efficiencies and patterns are also presented.
Geotail observation of upper band and lower band chorus elements in the outer magnetosphere
