Abscisic acid- and cold-induced thaumatin-like protein in winter wheat has an antifungal activity against snow mould, Microdochium nivale

2002 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikako Kuwabara ◽  
Daisuke Takezawa ◽  
Takiko Shimada ◽  
Tatsurou Hamada ◽  
Seizo Fujikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Snow Mould

scholarly journals Winterhardiness of some winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), rye (Secale cereale), triticale (x Triticosecale) and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars tested at six locations in Finland

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Hömmö ◽  
Seppo Pulli
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Snow Mould ◽  
Wintering Conditions ◽  
Different Origins

The winterhardiness of 24 winter wheat, 13 rye, 5 triticale and 11 winter barley varieties of different origins was tested at six locations in Finland in 1989-1992. The survival ability of the cultivars, their resistance to snow mould (Microdochium nivale) and the correlations between these traits and the growth habit and growth stage were determined. The trials were grouped on the basis of variety ranking, and the differences between the varieties within each group were studied by the analysis of variance. Statistically highly significant differences between varieties were found in all cases. The wintering conditions during the trials were very variable, and this brought about differences in the ranking of cultivars in different trials. In most cases the genotypic-environmental interactions could be explained by the different genetic systems controlling the tolerance to various winter stresses and changes in their intensity.

scholarly journals Snow Mould Development under Conditions of Central Part of Latvia

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruta Bankina ◽  
Antons Ruza ◽  
Merabs Katamadze ◽  
Dzintra Kreita ◽  
Līga Paura
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Snow Mould

Snow Mould Development under Conditions of Central Part of Latvia Snow mould is a common disease of winter cereals in moderate and cold climatic areas. Snow mould of winter cereals has been observed sporadically in Latvia. Sharp development of this disease (caused by Microdochium nivale) was noticed in 2005-2007. The aim of the investigations was to clarify peculiarities of snow mould development depending on different agroecological conditions. Observations of snow mould incidence were carried out in the central part of Latvia - at the Study and research farm "Peterlauki" of the Latvia University of Agriculture during 2005-2008. The average incidence of snow mould was 40% (5-60%) in 2005, 31% (14-63%) in 2006, and 36% (2-95%) in 2007. The highest incidence of the disease was established for cultivar ‘Cubus’ (23-95% depending on the year and the sowing time). A moderate development of snow mould was observed for variety ‘Zentos’ (5-60%), but only 2-50% of damaged plants were found for ‘Tarso’. The main reason of sharp development of the disease was too early sowing of winter wheat, whereas late time of wheat sowing, on average, significantly decreased the development of snow mould (p<0.001). Further investigations are necessary to better understand the complex of factors which influenced wheat susceptibility against snow mould.

Cytokinins and abscisic acid in hardening winter wheat

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1597-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Taylor ◽  
Munjeet K. Bhalla ◽  
J. Mason Robertson ◽  
Lu J. Piening
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Freeze Dried

During overwintering in a northern climate, winter wheat goes through a hardening process, followed by dehardening in late winter – early spring. This sequence of events may be partially controlled by changes in endogenous hormone levels. Crowns and leaf tissue from field grown winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Norstar) seeded at the beginning of September were collected and freeze-dried at monthly intervals during the winters of 1985–1986 and 1986–1987. Material was also sampled and freeze-dried from seedlings grown in a growth chamber under hardening conditions (21 °C for 2 weeks plus 3 °C for 6 weeks) or nonhardening conditions (3 weeks at 21 °C). The tissues were analysed for cytokinins and abscisic acid. Cytokinin levels, measured with the soybean hypocotyl section assay, declined from October onwards and then rose to a peak in late winter (January and February, winter 1986–1987; February and March, winter 1985–1986), subsequently declining again. Abscisic acid, quantitated as the methyl ester by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector, increased in level from October to December, then decreased to a relatively low level between January and March. Hardened seedlings from the growth chamber contained significantly higher abscisic acid levels and significantly lower cytokinin levels than did the nonhardened seedlings. Key words: abscisic acid, cytokinins, hardening, Triticum aestivum, winter wheat.

Genetic studies on the resistance of winter wheat to speckled snow mould

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rioux ◽  
C. A. St-Pierre ◽  
L. Couture
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Typhula Ishikariensis ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Snow Mould ◽  
Snow Mould Resistance

Speckled snow mould (caused by Typhula ishikariensis) is a potential threat to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in eastern Canada. Information on the inheritance of snow mould resistance is needed to develop an effective breeding strategy. In this study, the inheritance of resistance to the speckled snow mould was examined using crosses of a resistant genotype, PI 173438, and four susceptible cultivars, Lennox, Kitami-2, Norin-8 and Ena. The parental lines, and the F1 and F2 populations from each of the four crosses were grown in the field and in an unheated plastic greenhouse and scored for snow mould resistance. Biomass yield, survival, plant height and number of tillers/plant, all expressed as percentage of check plants, were used as indices of snow mould resistance. Generation means analysis, combining data from the field and greenhouse experiments, indicated that snow mould resistance was largely influenced by environmental conditions, and that additive genetic effects were more important than epistatic effects in controlling the expression of the disease. Dominance effects oriented towards susceptibility were detected in only one of the four crosses. Estimates of broad sense heritability in the four F2 populations ranged from 0.62 to 0.96 and from 0.34 to 0.79, respectively, when biomass yield and number of tillers/plant were used as indices of snow mould resistance. When plant height was used as an index of snow mould resistance, the heritability estimates ranged from 0.10 to 0.53. Key words: Wheat (winter), Triticum aestivum, speckled snow mould, Typhula ishikariensis, heritability

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