Predictors of relapse in unipolar depressives: Expressed emotion, marital distress, and perceived criticism.

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill M. Hooley ◽  
John D. Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Marital Distress ◽  
Perceived Criticism

Expressed Emotion in the Client-Professional Dyad

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Van Humbeeck ◽  
Ch. Van Audenhove ◽  
G. Storms ◽  
M. De Hert ◽  
G. Pieters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Perceived Criticism

Summary: Background: This article reports on a study of the concurrent validity between the standard expressed emotion instrument, the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI), and two alternative EE measures, the Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) and the Perceived Criticism Scale (PCS). Methods: The research sample consisted of 56 schizophrenic clients, who were residing in sheltered residences, and 56 professionals. Results: Based on the results of the correlation matrix between all the subscales of the instruments, a significantly positive relationship was found between the criticism scale of the CFI, the total score of the LEE, and the client version of the PCS. These correlations, however, were rather weak, which implies that the three instruments have little in common with each other. The professionals' version of the PCS does not appear to be an EE instrument. Conclusions: The results suggest that the CFI still remains the best instrument for assessing EE in a therapeutic relationship (between a professional and a client). If there is insufficient time to administer the CFI, then the client version of the PCS and the LEE can be used with the qualification that the PCS and LEE also measure other aspects and thus cannot completely replace the CFI. Nevertheless, the research indicates that asking the clients would seem to provide a better indication of the level of the professionals' criticism rather than asking the professionals themselves directly.

scholarly journals A study of expressed emotion, perceived stress and socio-demographic profile in patients of dissociative disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2861
Author(s):  
Nitesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Jai Singh Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Dissociative Disorder ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Criticism

Background: Dissociation is understood as one of coping mechanism to deal with intense stressors. Individuals vary widely in their subjective response to a similar stressful event depending on number of factors including their family and social support system. So, authors tried to study the expressed emotion in patients of dissociative disorder along with other socio-demographic factors and its relation with perceived stress.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done on 100 patients with primary diagnosis of dissociative disorder. Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) was used to assess comorbid Depressive symptoms and Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) was used to asses comorbid anxiety symptoms. Perceived stress scale (PSS) was used to assess the perception of stress. Family emotional involvement and criticism scale (FEICS) was used to measure perceived criticism (PC) and intensity of emotional involvement (EI).Results: Mean perceived stress in this study was 25.8. Mean score for perceived criticism (PC) was 16.5 and emotional involvement (EI) was 15.7. Both measures of expressed emotions were significantly higher in females and subjects belonging to joint families and rural area. In this study perceived stress by subjects was significantly (p=0.001) correlated to perceived criticism (Pearson r = 0.78) and emotional involvement (Pearson r = 0.77).Conclusions: High perceived criticism and emotion over involvement of family member was associated with perceived stress in dissociation patients.

Expressed emotion, perceived criticism and 10-year outcome of depression

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Thomas Kronmüller ◽  
Matthias Backenstrass ◽  
Daniela Victor ◽  
Ilinca Postelnicu ◽  
Caroline Schenkenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Perceived Criticism

scholarly journals The path from schizotypy to depression and aggression and the role of family stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi Premkumar ◽  
Elizabeth Kuipers ◽  
Veena Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
Path Models ◽  
Perceived Criticism

Abstract Background. Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that is linked to the vulnerability for psychosis. Positive schizotypy includes having paranormal beliefs. Negative schizotypy includes social anhedonia. Disorganized schizotypy includes social anxiety and communication disorder. Schizotypy relates to depression and aggression. Family stress from high expressed emotion (EE; a rating of criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement in a close relative toward a person showing signs of mental disorder) may mediate the link between schizotypy, depression and aggression. This study tested, using path analyses, the hypotheses that schizotypy predicts depression and aggression through high perceived EE as criticism and irritability (hypothesis 1) and praise and intrusiveness in a close relative (hypothesis 2). Methods. One hundred and four healthy participants listened to and rated the self-relevance of standard criticism and standard praise that denote EE. Participants rated their level of schizotypy, depression, aggression, and perceived EE in self-report questionnaires. Two path models tested the hypotheses. Results. Disorganized schizotypy, more than positive schizotypy, predicted the path to depression and aggression when perceived criticism and perceived EE-irritability were mediators. Disorganised schizotypy, more than negative schizotypy, predicted the path to depression and aggression when perceived praise and perceived EE-intrusiveness were mediators. Conclusions. Greater perceived criticism and less perceived praise in family communication explain the path from disorganized schizotypy (more so than positive or negative schizotypy) to depression and aggression. These findings indicate a need to consider the thought disorder-EE link as a potential contributor to depression and aggression in people with schizophrenia.

Expressed and Perceived Criticism, Family Warmth, and Symptoms in Schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Medina-Pradas ◽  
J. Blas Navarro ◽  
Esther Pousa ◽  
M. Isabel Montero ◽  
Jordi E. Obiols
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
Perceived Criticism ◽  
Family Warmth ◽  
Patients Perspective

AbstractCriticism directed by caregivers towards a family member with schizophrenia, both from the perspective of the patient and of the caregiver, predicts relapse, although both perspectives differ. This study aims to verify if the same applies to a Mediterranean sample, where criticism is not the main attitude of high expressed emotion families. The Camberwell Family Interview was applied to assess the family’s perspective, and the Perceived Criticism and the Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scales were used to assess the patients’ perspective, in 21 dyads. The association between both perspectives and psychotic symptoms was also examined. Results replicated those of previous studies in other countries, revealing that the perspectives on Criticism of patients and families do not match. The fact that family members also presented positive attitudes towards the patient did not cushion the patient’s perceived criticism. Thus, it seems that families considered to be critical may not be perceived as such by the patients. Furthermore, only the warmth from the family’s perspective correlated with the symptoms: positive affect proved to be more relevant than negative affect. Therefore, the patients’ subjective assessments and family warmth should be included in clinical and research proposals.

scholarly journals Sensitivity to criticism and praise predicts schizotypy in the non-clinical population: The role of affect and perceived expressed emotion

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi Premkumar ◽  
Andrew K. Dunn ◽  
Juliana Onwumere ◽  
Elizabeth Kuipers
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Perceived Criticism ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground:Schizotypy represents a cluster of personality traits consisting of magical beliefs, perceptual aberrations, disorganisation, and anhedonia. Schizotypy denotes a vulnerability for psychosis, one reason being psychosocial stress. High expressed emotion (EE), a rating of high criticism, hostility, and emotional over-involvement from a close relative, denotes psychosocial stress and vulnerability to psychosis, and is associated with schizotypy. This study aimed to decipher the relationship of schizotypy to perceived criticism and perceived praise in terms of affect and perceived EE.Methods:Ninety-eight healthy participants listened to short audio-clips containing criticism, praise, and neutral comments from a stranger, and evaluated them in terms of the comments’ arousal and personal relevance. Participants also answered self-report questionnaires of schizotypy, depression, mood, and perceived EE. Correlational analyses tested the relationship between schizotypy and the evaluations of criticism and praise. Mediation analyses then tested whether depression, positive mood, and perceived EE explained these relationships.Results:Greater relevance of standard criticism correlated with higher positive schizotypy. This association was fully mediated by high depression and perceived irritability from a close relative. Lower relevance of standard praise correlated with higher cognitive disorganisation (another schizotypal trait). This relationship was partially mediated by low positive mood and high perceived intrusiveness from a close relative.Conclusion:Greater perceived criticism and lower perceived praise predict schizotypy in the healthy population. Affect and interpersonal sensitivity towards a close relative explain these relationships, such that depression increases perceived criticism, and positive mood increases perceived praise. Perceived EE defines the interpersonal nature of schizotypy.

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