Expressed Emotion in the Client-Professional Dyad

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Van Humbeeck ◽  
Ch. Van Audenhove ◽  
G. Storms ◽  
M. De Hert ◽  
G. Pieters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Perceived Criticism

Summary: Background: This article reports on a study of the concurrent validity between the standard expressed emotion instrument, the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI), and two alternative EE measures, the Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) and the Perceived Criticism Scale (PCS). Methods: The research sample consisted of 56 schizophrenic clients, who were residing in sheltered residences, and 56 professionals. Results: Based on the results of the correlation matrix between all the subscales of the instruments, a significantly positive relationship was found between the criticism scale of the CFI, the total score of the LEE, and the client version of the PCS. These correlations, however, were rather weak, which implies that the three instruments have little in common with each other. The professionals' version of the PCS does not appear to be an EE instrument. Conclusions: The results suggest that the CFI still remains the best instrument for assessing EE in a therapeutic relationship (between a professional and a client). If there is insufficient time to administer the CFI, then the client version of the PCS and the LEE can be used with the qualification that the PCS and LEE also measure other aspects and thus cannot completely replace the CFI. Nevertheless, the research indicates that asking the clients would seem to provide a better indication of the level of the professionals' criticism rather than asking the professionals themselves directly.

Expressed and Perceived Criticism, Family Warmth, and Symptoms in Schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Medina-Pradas ◽  
J. Blas Navarro ◽  
Esther Pousa ◽  
M. Isabel Montero ◽  
Jordi E. Obiols
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
Perceived Criticism ◽  
Family Warmth ◽  
Patients Perspective

AbstractCriticism directed by caregivers towards a family member with schizophrenia, both from the perspective of the patient and of the caregiver, predicts relapse, although both perspectives differ. This study aims to verify if the same applies to a Mediterranean sample, where criticism is not the main attitude of high expressed emotion families. The Camberwell Family Interview was applied to assess the family’s perspective, and the Perceived Criticism and the Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scales were used to assess the patients’ perspective, in 21 dyads. The association between both perspectives and psychotic symptoms was also examined. Results replicated those of previous studies in other countries, revealing that the perspectives on Criticism of patients and families do not match. The fact that family members also presented positive attitudes towards the patient did not cushion the patient’s perceived criticism. Thus, it seems that families considered to be critical may not be perceived as such by the patients. Furthermore, only the warmth from the family’s perspective correlated with the symptoms: positive affect proved to be more relevant than negative affect. Therefore, the patients’ subjective assessments and family warmth should be included in clinical and research proposals.

Nexus Between Social Network, Social Media Use, and Loneliness

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-243
Author(s):  
Md. Aminul Islam ◽  
Bezon Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Facebook Use

This paper mainly explores how real-life social network and social media use are related to loneliness among university students in Bangladesh. To carry out this paper, primary data and several methods are used. This paper uses Lubben Social Network Scale and UCLA loneliness scale to measure the level of real life social network and loneliness, respectively. Besides Pearson's partial correlation matrix is used to find out the correlation between social network, social media use, and loneliness. The study finds that students are averagely engaged in real-life social network and moderately lonely. The study also finds a significantly positive relationship between social media (Facebook) use and loneliness, and a significantly negative relationship between real life social network and loneliness. This paper calls for the students to be careful in using social media and be engaged more in real life social network to avoid loneliness.

FC12-02 - The neural response to relatives’; criticisms and compliments in individuals with a schizotypal personality

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1877-1877
Author(s):  
P. Premkumar ◽  
D. Lythgoe ◽  
S.C. Williams ◽  
E.A. Kuipers ◽  
V. Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Emotional Interference ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

A high level of expressed emotion (EE) in the form of criticism and hostility by family members towards schizophrenia patients increases the risk of relapse to a psychotic episode. Studying the neural response to relatives’ criticisms would help to understand how patients interpret and cope with EE in terms of the salience patients attach to criticisms and how this information is encoded and stored. Formerly depressed patients fail to activate the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) on hearing maternal criticisms. We tested the hypothesis, for the first time, that individuals with high schizotypy would have an altered DLPFC and ACC response to relatives’ criticisms. Twenty-four healthy individuals, 12 with low schizotypy (LS) and 12 with high schizotypy (HS), listened to a close relative's criticisms, compliments and neutral comments about them while undergoing functional MRI. The relative's EE level was assessed using the Camberwell Family Interview. HS relatives were more likely to show high EE than LS relatives. Activation maps in LS and HS groups during each comment type were compared using SPM5. During criticisms relative to neutral comments, HS activated and LS deactivated the DLPFC and ACC. During compliments relative to neutral comments, LS activated and HS deactivated the insula, lingual gyrus, cerebellum, thalamus, postcentral gyrus and medial frontal gyrus. Our finding of DLPFC-ACC activation in HS, but deactivation in LS individuals when listening to relatives’ criticisms suggests that HS individuals may have difficulty suppressing emotional interference during cognitive control.

Expressed Emotion Trait or State?

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Schreiber ◽  
Alan Breier ◽  
David Pickar
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Response Characteristic ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Parental Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Emotional Overinvolvement ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
Two Measures

BackgroundThis exploratory study addresses the question of whether expressed emotion (EE) is a response characteristic of the parent (trait) or a parental response to specific circumstances or persons (state).MethodSeventeen parents participated in two audiotaped interviews, using modified versions of the Camberwell Family Interview. One interview concerned the child with chronic schizophrenia and the other a well sibling. Subsequent ratings of the EE variables of critical comments (CC), emotional overinvolvement (EOI) and warmth were completed and compared.ResultsE response patterns directed towards patients, as compared with towards siblings, were significantly different on two measures: EOI (P=0.01) and warmth (P=0.02). The parents showed significantly more emotional overinvolvement with the child with schizophrenia and significantly more warmth towards the well child.ConclusionsThese data suggest that the EE variables of EOI and warmth are related to the state of child, and the lack of a significant difference in CC suggests that this is a parental trait.

Inter-rater reliability of expressed emotion ratings based on the Camberwell Family Interview

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bentsen ◽  
B. Boye ◽  
O. G. Munkvold ◽  
G. Uren ◽  
A. B. Lersbryggen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Power ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
Good For ◽  
Level Scale

SynopsisHigh expressed emotion in relatives has been shown to predict a poorer outcome in a range of disorders and cultures. However, variation in predictive power is considerable, and this could partly be due to low inter-rater reliability. Sixty-nine relatives of 47 acutely admitted schizophrenic patients were interviewed using the Camberwell Family Interview. Audiotapes were assessed by pairs of raters drawn from a group of seven approved raters. Inter-rater reliability was good for criticism, hostility, emotional over-involvement (as a six level scale) and expressed emotion index (EOI cut-off score 2–3); and it was fair, but unsatisfactory, for emotional over-involvement (binary scales), warmth, positive remarks and expressed emotion (EOI cut-off score 3–4). These findings suggest that the warmth scale and the dichotomized versions of the EOI scale should be used with caution. The influence of warmth on the outcome in schizophrenia may have been underestimated because of low reliability.

scholarly journals A study of expressed emotion, perceived stress and socio-demographic profile in patients of dissociative disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2861
Author(s):  
Nitesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Jai Singh Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Dissociative Disorder ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Criticism

Background: Dissociation is understood as one of coping mechanism to deal with intense stressors. Individuals vary widely in their subjective response to a similar stressful event depending on number of factors including their family and social support system. So, authors tried to study the expressed emotion in patients of dissociative disorder along with other socio-demographic factors and its relation with perceived stress.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done on 100 patients with primary diagnosis of dissociative disorder. Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) was used to assess comorbid Depressive symptoms and Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) was used to asses comorbid anxiety symptoms. Perceived stress scale (PSS) was used to assess the perception of stress. Family emotional involvement and criticism scale (FEICS) was used to measure perceived criticism (PC) and intensity of emotional involvement (EI).Results: Mean perceived stress in this study was 25.8. Mean score for perceived criticism (PC) was 16.5 and emotional involvement (EI) was 15.7. Both measures of expressed emotions were significantly higher in females and subjects belonging to joint families and rural area. In this study perceived stress by subjects was significantly (p=0.001) correlated to perceived criticism (Pearson r = 0.78) and emotional involvement (Pearson r = 0.77).Conclusions: High perceived criticism and emotion over involvement of family member was associated with perceived stress in dissociation patients.

scholarly journals The Effect of Teachers’ Spirituality and Ethical Ideology on Their Preference of Reporting Wrongdoings at Schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Asiye TOKER GOKCE
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Ideology ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Internal Whistleblowing ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="apa">This paper aimed to examine whistleblowing in point of individual level. Three sets of hypotheses were developed concerning the relationships between (1) religiosity and ethical ideology, (2) ethical ideology and intentions to different modes of whistleblowing, and (3) religiosity and intentions to different modes of whistleblowing. Descriptive statistics, Correlation matrix, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The sample includes 323 teachers in Turkey. The results confirmed that religiosity was negatively associated with relativism, and positively associated with idealism while they rejected any relation between the ethical ideology and intention to whistleblowing modes. The results confirmed only the positive relationship between religiosity and internal whistleblowing, while rejecting the other hypotheses. Few studies have investigated the relationship between whistleblowing modes and ethical ideology. Therefore, examining religiosity, ethical ideology, and whistleblowing in an education context in Turkey, this paper believed to contribute the literature with regard to Islamic perspective.</p>

Ward Variant of High Expressed Emotions Discovered in a Health Worker Admitted in a Tertiary Hospital in South West Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinbote J, Elegbede A, Akanbi S, Lawal M, Adekeye A, Akinshade A.
Keyword(s):  
Health Worker ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
South West ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
Expressed Emotions

High Expressed Emotion (HEE) is a collection of distinct attitudinal expressions characterized by critical, hostile and emotionally over-involved attitude towards a family member with a psychotic disorder, though more common with schizophrenia. It is however pertinent to state that, EE has also been documented between health workers and patients in the hospital and community settings. The Camberwell Family Interview (CBI) and its modified versions are objectively used to assess the expressed emotion (EE) in such situations. We report an interesting case of a young female health worker subjected to classical features of high expressed emotions in a hospital ward setting.

Parenting and Schizophrenia: An Australian Study of Expressed Emotion

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Parker ◽  
Penny Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Australian Study ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Family Interview

Parents of 66 schizophrenic Sydney patients were interviewed using the abbreviated Camberwell Family Interview (CFI). Using preestablished criteria, 71% of the mothers, 58% of the fathers and 74% of the households were categorised as being of high expressed emotion (EE) status. Comparison is made with published data on the CFI and on EE categorisation for similar groups studied in England, the United States and India. The Sydney families were described as ‘vocal, ambitious and aggressive’, and EE scale scores more resembled the Los Angeles families than the British families originally studied. A number of factors influencing high EE categorisation (e.g., family intactness, socio-demographic variables) are noted.

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