Development of intersensory function: Age-related differences in stimulus selection of multimodal compounds in rats as revealed by Pavlovian conditioning.

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Mellon ◽  
Philipp J. Kraemer ◽  
Norman E. Spear
Keyword(s):  
Pavlovian Conditioning ◽  
Stimulus Selection ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Influence of Patient Age on Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes Causing Invasive Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Inostroza ◽  
Ana Maria Vinet ◽  
Gloria Retamal ◽  
Pedro Lorca ◽  
Gonzalo Ossa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sterile Site ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT All clinical S. pneumoniae specimens isolated from patients with invasive or sterile-site infections admitted to one regional general hospital in southern Chile were collected during a 5-year period (February 1994 to September 1999). A total of 247 strains belonging to 50 serotypes were isolated in this survey: 69 in patients under 5 years of age, 129 in patients 5 to 64 years old, and 49 from patients 65 years and older. Eight serotypes were identified in all age groups, while all other serotypes were found exclusively in one age group or in patients over 4 years of age. Serotype 3 was never found in patients under 5 years old, and serotype 14 was not found in patients >64 years of age. There was no difference in the serotypes causing infection in each one of the 5 years of the survey. Our results suggest that both bacterial virulence factors and host factors play an important role in the selection of S. pneumoniae serotypes causing invasive infection. Possible host factors include age-related differences in the immune response. Comparative studies with other areas of the world may help to further understanding of our observations in southern Chile.

scholarly journals Poor coherence in older people's speech is explained by impaired semantic and executive processes

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hoffman ◽  
Ekaterina Loginova ◽  
Asatta Russell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

The ability to speak coherently is essential for effective communication but declines with age: older people more frequently produce tangential, off-topic speech. The cognitive factors underpinning this decline are poorly understood. We predicted that maintaining coherence relies on effective regulation of activated semantic knowledge about the world, and particularly on the selection of currently relevant semantic representations to drive speech production. To test this, we collected 840 speech samples along with measures of executive and semantic ability from 60 young and older adults, using a novel computational method to quantify coherence. Semantic selection ability predicted coherence, as did level of semantic knowledge and a measure of domain-general executive ability. These factors fully accounted for the age-related coherence deficit. Our results indicate that maintaining coherence in speech becomes more challenging as people age because they accumulate more knowledge but are less able to effectively regulate how it is activated and used.

scholarly journals Age-Related Immunoreactivity Profiles to Diverse Mycobacterial Antigens in BCG-Vaccinated Chinese Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-yuan Yang ◽  
Yu-tong Zhang ◽  
Jia-ni Xiao ◽  
Yu-shuo Liang ◽  
Ping Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elispot Assay ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigens ◽  
Selection Of

Long-term immunoreactivity to mycobacterial antigens in Bovis Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated population is not well investigated. Herein, 361 volunteer healthy donors (HDs) with neonatal BCG vaccination from Shanghai region (China) were enrolled. They were subdivided into ESAT-6/CFP10- (E6C10-) and ESAT-6/CFP10+ (E6C10+) groups based on gamma-interferon release assays (IGRAs). Three mycobacterial antigens, including Rv0934, Rv3006, and Rv3841, were subjected to the determination of immunoreactivity by ELISPOT assay. The immunoreactivities to three mycobacterial antigens were firstly compared among TB patients (N=39), E6C10+ HDs (N=78, 21.61% of HDs) and E6C10- HDs (N=283, 78.39% of HDs). It was revealed that Rv3006 was dominant upon M.tb infection, while Rv3841 was likely to be more responsive upon latent TB infection. In E6C10- population, the immunoreactivity to Rv3841 maintained along with aging, whereas those to Rv3006 and Rv0934 attenuated in E6C10- HDs older than 45 years old. Our study implies the shift of dominant antigens at different infection statuses, providing the clues for the selection of mycobacterial antigens in vaccine development and precision revaccination in the future.

scholarly journals Age-Related Decline in Natural IgM Function: Diversification and Selection of the B-1a Cell Pool with Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 196 (10) ◽  
pp. 4348-4357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichol E. Holodick ◽  
Teresa Vizconde ◽  
Thomas J. Hopkins ◽  
Thomas L. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Cell Pool ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Natural Igm ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Illness Narrative and Self-Help Culture – Self-Help Writing on Age-Related Infertility

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. VC19-VC41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Wohlmann
Keyword(s):  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Illness Narratives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Illness Narrative ◽  
Quantified Self ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Selection Of

Both self-help books and illness narratives are motivated by an impulse to overcome a crisis and, simultaneously, to help others who suffer from similar conditions. In doing so, authors of self-help and illness narratives move in between polar opposites: they have both individual and collective motives, they have a desire to overcome uncertainty and achieve control and they negotiate the authority of experience versus the authority of expertise. This paper has two objectives: (1) It describes the intersections of illness life writing and self-help culture and traces the thematic, cultural and historical similarities. (2) It analyzes a selection of four autobiographical, U.S.-American self-help books on age-related infertility published between 1987 and 2009. In juxtaposing these books with research perspectives from self-help criticism and medical humanities, the paper suggests that the authors blur the boundaries between patient and expert in their attempts to achieve control over what is ultimately uncontrollable – the body. The paper closes with a reflection on how scientific discourses and the Quantified Self-movement influence self-help narratives on illness.  This article was submitted on June 1st, 2014 and published on November 3rd 2014.

scholarly journals Robust Encoding of Abstract Rules by Distinct Neuronal Populations in Primate Visual Cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatas Jonikaitis ◽  
Nir Nissim ◽  
Ruobing Xia ◽  
Tirin Moore
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Stimulus Selection ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Primate Visual Cortex ◽  
Behavioral Constraints ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIt is widely known that neural activity in sensory representations is modulated by cognitive factors such as attention, reward value and working memory. In such cases, sensory responses are found to reflect a selection of the specific sensory information needed to achieve behavioral goals. In contrast, more abstract behavioral constraints that do not involve stimulus selection, such as task rules, are thought to be encoded by neurons at later stages. We show that information about abstract rules is encoded by neurons in primate visual cortex in the absence of sensory stimulation. Furthermore, we show that rule information is greatest among neurons with the least visual activity and the weakest coupling to local neuronal networks. Our results identify rule-specific signals within a sensory representation and suggest that distinct mechanisms exist there for mapping rule information onto sensory guided decisions.

Factors influencing placental and fetal development in the mare: important considerations for the selection of embryo recipients

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 87-89
Author(s):  
S Wilsher ◽  
W R Allen
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Gaseous Exchange ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Delayed Maturation ◽  
Selection Of

In mammals the placenta is the vehicle for nutritional and gaseous exchange between the maternal and fetal circulations during pregnancy. The allantochorionic placenta of equids is classified as non–deciduate, non–invasive, epitheliochorial and diffuse and, as such, equine placentation demands fetomaternal interdigitation over the entire endometrial surface to optimise fetal development in utero. Any shortcomings are reflected by slower growth and delayed maturation of the fetus.This requirement for an unabbreviated area of placental attachment is emphasised by the inability of mares to carry twin conceptuses to term due to simple competition between the two placentae for the limited area of endometrium which results in progressive starvation of one or both fetuses (Jeffcott and Whitwell, 1973). In addition, age–related chronic degenerative changes in the mare's endometrium (endometrosis) may compromise the uterine environment during pregnancy and Bracher et al. (1996) showed a close relationship between the health of the endometrium, the normality of structure and the density of the microcotyledons on the surface of the allantochorion, and fetal weight.

ALFALFA PESTS IN SAMARA REGION FOREST-STEPPE

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Перцева ◽  
Elena Pertseva
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Adelphocoris Lineolatus ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of research is alfalfa yields increasing by crops of different ages in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Samara region. Field studies were carried out in breeding crop rotation of department introduction, selection of feed and oilseeds Volga research station named after P.N. Konstantinov in 2014. Entomofauna alfalfa crops of different varieties and ages were studied mowing butterfly net. More numerous entomofauna was recorded in crops of alfalfa 2011 compared with age-related crops in 2008. Specialized herbivores studied culture were found in the growing season 2014 agrocenoses alfalfa crops – alfalfa tolstonozhka (Bruchophagus roddi Guss), alfalfa semyaed (Tychius flavus), alfalfa weevils (Sitona humeralis Steph.), Alfalfa bug (Adelphocoris lineolatus Goeze), leaf alfalfa weevil larvae (Phytonomus variabilis Hbst.) and larvae of alfalfa bollworm (Heliothis viriplaca Hfn.). Forms relating to herbivores Polyphagous and Oligophagous cereals were also recorded. In addition agrocenoses met: Entomophages predator’s cocktsinellidy (Coccinellidae), different types of spiders (Arachnida) and representatives of the family of grasshoppers (Tettigonioidea). Large foliage of alfalfa plants was recorded under option Population 4. Several smaller foliage of plants observed in crops of alfalfa 2011 compared with planting in 2008. On the 3-year agrocenoses best foliage appeared on variety Guzel which had the lowest figures in the age crops. Alfalfa seed yields mainly depend on the age of the studied agrocenosis culture. Alfalfa crop given harvest seeds in 3.6-4.7 times more than the age-crops in 2008. The highest seed yield was obtained from the varieties of Emerald in 2008 and in 2011.

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