Prosocial motivation and behavior in close relationships.

2010 ◽  
pp. 327-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caryl E. Rusbult ◽  
Christopher R. Agnew
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Prosocial Motivation ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals The Salience of Children Increases Adult Prosocial Values

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110076
Author(s):  
Lukas J. Wolf ◽  
Sapphira R. Thorne ◽  
Marina Iosifyan ◽  
Colin Foad ◽  
Samuel Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Prosocial Motivation ◽  
Prosocial Motives ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Prosocial Values ◽  
Age Attitudes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Additional Field

Organizations often put children front and center in campaigns to elicit interest and support for prosocial causes. Such initiatives raise a key theoretical and applied question that has yet to be addressed directly: Does the salience of children increase prosocial motivation and behavior in adults? We present findings aggregated across eight experiments involving 2,054 adult participants: Prosocial values became more important after completing tasks that made children salient compared to tasks that made adults (or a mundane event) salient or compared to a no-task baseline. An additional field study showed that adults were more likely to donate money to a child-unrelated cause when children were more salient on a shopping street. The findings suggest broad, reliable interconnections between human mental representations of children and prosocial motives, as the child salience effect was not moderated by participants’ gender, age, attitudes, or contact with children.

Swimming Upstream

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
Lisa Berg Garmezy
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Emotional Responding ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Strong Marriages

First responders maintain strong marriages in spite of the potential negative impact of multiple stressors including schedule conflicts, financial strain, and the threat of illness, disability, and death. Patterns of thought and behavior that are beneficial at work, such as vigilance, rapidly establishing control, and shutting off emotional responding cause problems at home, particularly when intensified by trauma. Excessive belief in a partner's heroism and the choice by some responders of dependent romantic partners cause other problems, as does the sometimes culturally sanctioned practice of coping through alcohol use or sexual encounters. Shifts in perspective that reframe common concerns more positively are offered. Departments are encouraged to increase efforts to support spouses and marriages, given the importance of close relationships to health.

scholarly journals Current view on the dyadic synchrony mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
D.S. Vakhrushev ◽  
M.A. Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Current View ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques ◽  
Hormonal Levels ◽  
Dyadic Synchrony

This article contains a review of modern foreign concepts and empirical studies of dyadic synchrony mechanism which manifests in temporal alignment of biological rhythms and behavior of individuals participating in a paired interaction. Due to the development of neuroimaging techniques, the interest in hyperscanning has increased, as it allows to register brain activity of two or more individuals capturing the mechanism of dyadic synchrony. In this article such manifestations of dyadic synchrony as changes in the electrical brain activity, cardiac rhythms, respiratory rate, hormonal levels, and behavior are described. Dyadic synchrony at the early stages of development underlies individuals’ ability to learn, feel empathy, develop attachment and build close relationships.

How Homo economicus lost her mind and how we can revive her

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter DeScioli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe target article by Boyer & Petersen (B&P) contributes a vital message: that people have folk economic theories that shape their thoughts and behavior in the marketplace. This message is all the more important because, in the history of economic thought, Homo economicus was increasingly stripped of mental capacities. Intuitive theories can help restore the mind of Homo economicus.

The parent-offspring microbiome and neurobehavioral development

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Alberts ◽  
Christopher Harshaw ◽  
Gregory E. Demas ◽  
Cara L. Wellman ◽  
Ardythe L. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
Emotional Function ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract We identify the significance and typical requirements of developmental analyses of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) in parents, offspring, and parent-offspring relations, which have particular importance for neurobehavioral outcomes in mammalian species, including humans. We call for a focus on behavioral measures of social-emotional function. Methodological approaches to interpreting relations between the microbiota and behavior are discussed.

Cooperation and obligation in early parent-child relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Social Agency ◽  
Infant Survival ◽  
Peer Experiences ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Early Parent ◽  
Collaborative Skills ◽  
Parent Child Relationships

Abstract Tomasello's moral psychology of obligation would be developmentally deepened by greater attention to early experiences of cooperation and shared social agency between parents and infants, evolved to promote infant survival. They provide a foundation for developing understanding of the mutual obligations of close relationships that contribute (alongside peer experiences) to growing collaborative skills, fairness expectations, and fidelity to social norms.

TEM evaluation of graded SixGe1-x heterolayers

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
N. David Theodore ◽  
Mamoru Tomozane ◽  
Ming Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
And Behavior

There is extensive interest in SiGe for use in heterojunction bipolar transistors. SiGe/Si superlattices are also of interest because of their potential for use in infrared detectors and field-effect transistors. The processing required for these materials is quite compatible with existing silicon technology. However, before SiGe can be used extensively for devices, there is a need to understand and then control the origin and behavior of defects in the materials. The present study was aimed at investigating the structural quality of, and the behavior of defects in, graded SiGe layers grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).The structures investigated in this study consisted of Si1-xGex[x=0.16]/Si1-xGex[x= 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.10, 0.09, 0.07, 0.05, 0.04, 0.005, 0]/epi-Si/substrate heterolayers grown by CVD. The Si1-xGex layers were isochronally grown [t = 0.4 minutes per layer], with gas-flow rates being adjusted to control composition. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared in the 110 geometry. These were then analyzed using two-beam bright-field, dark-field and weak-beam images. A JEOL JEM 200CX transmission electron microscope was used, operating at 200 kV.

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