scholarly journals The Salience of Children Increases Adult Prosocial Values

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110076
Author(s):  
Lukas J. Wolf ◽  
Sapphira R. Thorne ◽  
Marina Iosifyan ◽  
Colin Foad ◽  
Samuel Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Prosocial Motivation ◽  
Prosocial Motives ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Prosocial Values ◽  
Age Attitudes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Additional Field

Organizations often put children front and center in campaigns to elicit interest and support for prosocial causes. Such initiatives raise a key theoretical and applied question that has yet to be addressed directly: Does the salience of children increase prosocial motivation and behavior in adults? We present findings aggregated across eight experiments involving 2,054 adult participants: Prosocial values became more important after completing tasks that made children salient compared to tasks that made adults (or a mundane event) salient or compared to a no-task baseline. An additional field study showed that adults were more likely to donate money to a child-unrelated cause when children were more salient on a shopping street. The findings suggest broad, reliable interconnections between human mental representations of children and prosocial motives, as the child salience effect was not moderated by participants’ gender, age, attitudes, or contact with children.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Creative Capabilities and Cultural Intelligence: Field Study of Amman’s Five-Star Hotels

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayad F. Altememi ◽  
Imad A. Hassouneh ◽  
Shaker Jarallah Alkshali
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This study aims to identify the relationship between the creative capabilities of workers in 5-star hotels in the city of Amman and their cultural intelligence. In its measurement of the creative capabilities as an independent variable, the study adopted a scale consisting of three dimensions, namely: fluency, flexibility and originality. Whereas it relied in measuring the cultural intelligence as a dependent variable, on a scale consisting of three dimensions, namely: knowledge (cognition), motivation and behavior. The study was conducted on a sample of (258) workers currently working in these hotels. The required particulars for this study were collected through a specially prepared questionnaire for this purpose after having reviewed multi previous studies. The sample was distributed according to the simple random sample mechanism. The study revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between the dimensions of creative capabilities of workers in such hotels and their cultural intelligence. The study also included a set of recommendations and mechanisms that can be applied by the managements of these hotels to tackle some aspects of the dimensions constituting the cultural intelligence of workers.

Violent CRED s toward Out-Groups Increase Trustworthiness: Preliminary Experimental Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 262-281
Author(s):  
Dan Řezníček ◽  
Radek Kundt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Cultural Model ◽  
Know How ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract In the process of cultural learning, people tend to acquire mental representations and behavior from prestigious individuals over dominant ones, as prestigious individuals generously share their expertise and know-how to gain admiration, whereas dominant ones use violence, manipulation, and intimidation to enforce obedience. However, in the context of intergroup conflict, violent thoughts and behavior that are otherwise associated with dominance can hypothetically become prestigious because parochial altruists, who engage in violence against out-groups, act in the interest of their group members, therefore prosocially. This shift would imply that for other in-groups, individuals behaving violently toward out-groups during intergroup conflicts become simultaneously prestigious, making them desirable cultural models to learn from. Using the mechanism of credibility enhancing displays (CRED s), this article presents preliminary vignette-based evidence that violent CRED s toward out-groups during intergroup conflict increase the perceived trustworthiness of a violent cultural model.

Seeing and treating the out-group like family: Transference effects in an ethnic context

2020 ◽  
pp. 136843021989711
Author(s):  
Lukas J. Wolf ◽  
Johan Karremans ◽  
Gregory R. Maio
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Significant Other ◽  
Group Boundaries ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Transference effects occur when our impressions are guided by our mental representations of significant others. For instance, if a target resembles an individual’s significant other, then that person’s feelings toward their significant other will be transferred onto the target. The present research examines whether transference effects emerge even when the target belongs to an ethnic out-group. In two experiments, participants received descriptions of in-group and out-group targets who partly resembled their own (or another’s) positive significant other. The findings showed that resemblance to one’s own significant other improves attitudes and behavior toward both in-group and ethnic out-group targets, as found across 2 nations and 3 different ethnic out-groups. The present research hence provides evidence of robust transference effects across ethnic group boundaries.

No need for instinct

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Gibbs ◽  
Nathaniel Clark
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Major Implication ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
Alternative Suggestion ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Proper Weight

Language serves many purposes in our individual lives and our varied interpersonal interactions. Daniel Everett’s claim that language primarily emerges from an “interactional instinct” and not a classic “language instinct” gives proper weight to the importance of coordinated communication in meeting our adaptive needs. Yet the argument that language is a “cultural tool”, motivated by an underlying “instinct”, does not adequately explain the complex, yet complementary nature of both linguistic regularities and variations in everyday speech. Our alternative suggestion is that language use, and coordinated communication more generally, is an emergent product of human self-organization processes. Both broad regularities and specific variations in linguistic structure and behavior can be accounted for by self-organizational processes that operate without explicit internal rules, blueprints, or mental representations. A major implication of this view is that both linguistic patterns and behaviors, within and across speakers, emerge from the dynamical interactions of brain, body, and world, which gives rise to highly context-sensitive and varied linguistic performances.

Highlighting Relatedness Promotes Prosocial Motives and Behavior

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa Pavey ◽  
Tobias Greitemeyer ◽  
Paul Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Motives ◽  
And Behavior

A field study evaluating health, performance, and behavior differences in crossbred beef calves administered different vaccine-parasiticide product combinations

Vaccine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (37) ◽  
pp. 5998-6005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg A. Hanzlicek ◽  
Brad J. White ◽  
David G. Renter ◽  
Dale A. Blasi
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
And Behavior

The Presence and Influence of Fissures in the Boulder Clays of West Central Scotland

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan McGown ◽  
Amr M. Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Undrained Shear Strength ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Anisotropic Behavior ◽  
West Central ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Undrained Shear

The recent urban and rural developments in west central Scotland have involved the execution of much more widespread, and often deeper, excavations than previously undertaken in the boulder clays of the area. A number of failures in deep trenches and slope excavations have occurred, whose character appeared to be influenced by the presence of macrofabric features. A detailed field study has confirmed the presence of fissures and showed that they exhibit definite preferred orientation patterns. The influence of these fissure patterns on undrained shear strength and consolidation properties have been assessed using test specimens ranging from 76 to 254 mm diameter and correlations between observed laboratory anisotropic behavior and behavior in excavations have been suggested.

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