Supplemental Material for Mothers’ and Fathers’ Quantitative and Qualitative Parenting in Relation to Children’s Emotional Adjustment: A Between- and Within-Family Investigation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Family Investigation

scholarly journals Mothers' and fathers' quantitative and qualitative parenting in relation to children's emotional adjustment: A between- and within-family investigation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar J. Van Lissa ◽  
Renske Keizer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Child Effects ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Family Effects ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Direction Of Effects ◽  
Family Investigation

This longitudinal study of Australian families (n = 1884, from age 6-12) examined how fathers' and mothers' quantitative involvement (time spent on childcare) and qualitative involvement (specific parenting behaviors) relate to children's emotional adjustment development. We used dynamic structural equation modeling to disentangle stable between-family differences from within-family fluctuations in qualitative parenting and emotional adjustment, allowing us to investigate the direction of effects between parents and children. Because fathers have been theorized to contribute uniquely to emotional adjustment development, we examined differences between mothers and fathers, and the interplay between parent- and child sex. We further examined whether between-family differences in quantitative involvement, operationalized as joint (total) and relative (one parent does more) involvement, predict qualitative parenting behaviors and emotional adjustment, and moderate the within-family interplay between them. Results revealed between-family correlations of qualitative involvement with emotional adjustment. Evidence for significant average within-family effects was limited to a parenting effect of maternal warmth, and several child effects, which indicated that emotional adjustment evokes changes in parenting. Parenting effects varied substantially across families however, especially for fathers. Between-family differences in quantitative involvement explained some of these differences. When joint quantitative involvement was higher, both parents engaged in more desirable qualitative parenting. When mothers were relatively more involved than fathers, fathers displayed less desirable qualitative parenting, and children were less well-adjusted. There was some limited evidence that within-family predictive effects were moderated by quantitative involvement, particularly relative involvement. These findings suggest that all family members benefit from a more equal childcare distribution.

scholarly journals The Role of Parental Acceptance–Rejection in Emotional Instability During Adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Mendo-Lázaro ◽  
Benito León-del-Barco ◽  
María-Isabel Polo-del-Río ◽  
Rocío Yuste-Tosina ◽  
Víctor-María López-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Parental Acceptance ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Maternal Rejection ◽  
Middle Adolescence ◽  
The Relationship

The present study focuses on analyzing the relationship between the parental acceptance–rejection perceived by adolescents and emotional instability from the early stages of adolescence. Special attention will be paid to potential differences between mothers and fathers. A total of 1181 students, aged 11–17, took part in the study. We used the factor of emotional instability in the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-NA) and an affect scale (EA-H) to measure parental acceptance–rejection. The analyses performed show a clear association between emotional instability with maternal/paternal criticism and rejection. Specifically, maternal criticism and rejection in early adolescence and paternal criticism and rejection in middle adolescence were associated with emotional instability, confirming the association between children’s and adolescents’ emotional adjustment and family dynamics. This study makes interesting contributions to understanding paternal and maternal rejection during the different stages of adolescence. These differences should be incorporated into the research on parental influence and its role in the development of personality among adolescents.

scholarly journals Preschoolers' Empathy Profiles and Their Social Adjustment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poline Simon ◽  
Nathalie Nader-Grosbois
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Mothers And Fathers

Preschoolers face new challenges in their social life: the development of social and emotional abilities in order to have positive relationships with peers and adults. Empathy, the ability to share and understand the emotions of others, contributes to this socio-emotional adjustment. This exploratory study examines mothers and fathers' perceptions of their child's empathy and individual factors, such as age, gender, and personality, which are related to cognitive and affective empathy in 63 typically developing preschoolers. Links between children's individual characteristics (empathy and personality) and their social adjustment on the one hand and risk of developing internalized vs. externalized behaviors on the other were also investigated. Parents completed four questionnaires about their child's empathy, personality, and social (mal)adjustment. The results showed that mothers and fathers perceived their children's cognitive and affective empathy, attention to others' feelings, and social actions (such as helping), in the same way, except for emotion contagion. Gender differences appeared specifically for some components of empathy: girls were said to pay more attention to others' emotions while boys had better cognitive empathy. Moreover, children's empathy as perceived by mothers or fathers was positively linked with their age, and with personality factors (extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, and openness to experience). Cognitive empathy and personality were found to be partly related to higher social skills and lower externalized and internalized behaviors. The results nuanced specific links between cognitive and affective empathy and social adjustment as well as behavior problems at preschool age. These results may have some implications for future research and prevention in childhood.

scholarly journals The Importance of Mothers’ and Fathers’ Positive Parenting for Toddlers’ and Preschoolers’ Social-Emotional Adjustment

Parenting ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Ana Okorn ◽  
Marjolein Verhoeven ◽  
Anneloes Van Baar
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Mothers And Fathers

Differential Parenting Between Mothers and Fathers

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cliff McKinney ◽  
Kimberly Renk
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
Paternal Parenting ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Authoritative Parent

Although the relationship between parenting and outcomes for children and adolescents has been examined, differences between maternal and paternal parenting styles have received less attention, particularly in the case of late adolescents. As a result, this article examines the relationship between late adolescents' perceptions of their mothers' and fathers' parenting styles and their own emotional adjustment. Findings of this study suggest that mothers and fathers use different parenting styles for their sons and daughters. It also suggests that different combinations of maternal and paternal parenting (e.g., a permissive father parenting with an authoritarian mother) are related to late adolescents' emotional adjustment, with late adolescents who have at least one authoritative parent showing better adjustment than those who do not have such a parent. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of examining dyadic parent—adolescent relationships, and it suggests that having one authoritative parent may be a protective factor for late adolescents.

Perception of Autonomy and Connectedness Prior to the Onset of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Huemer ◽  
Maria Haidvogl ◽  
Fritz Mattejat ◽  
Gudrun Wagner ◽  
Gerald Nobis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Image Test ◽  
Restrictive Type

Objective: This study examines retrospective correlates of nonshared family environment prior to onset of disease, by means of multiple familial informants, among anorexia and bulimia nervosa patients. Methods: A total of 332 participants was included (anorexia nervosa, restrictive type (AN-R): n = 41 plus families); bulimic patients (anorexia nervosa, binge-purging type; bulimia nervosa: n = 59 plus families). The EATAET Lifetime Diagnostic Interview was used to establish the diagnosis; the Subjective Family Image Test was used to derive emotional connectedness (EC) and individual autonomy (IA). Results: Bulimic and AN-R patients perceived significantly lower EC prior to onset of disease compared to their healthy sisters. Bulimic patients perceived significantly lower EC prior to onset of disease compared to AN-R patients and compared to their mothers and fathers. A low family sum – sister pairs sum comparison – of EC had a significant influence on the risk of developing bulimia nervosa. Contrary to expectations, AN-R patients did not perceive significantly lower levels of IA compared to their sisters, prior to onset of disease. Findings of low IA in currently ill AN-R patients may represent a disease consequence, not a risk factor. Conclusions: Developmental child psychiatrists should direct their attention to disturbances of EC, which may be present prior to the onset of the disease.

Patterns of anxiety symptoms in pediatric chronic pain as reported by youth, mothers, and fathers.

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan T. Tran ◽  
Kristen E. Jastrowski Mano ◽  
Kim Anderson Khan ◽  
W. Hobart Davies ◽  
Keri R. Hainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Pediatric Chronic Pain
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