Differential Parenting Between Mothers and Fathers

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cliff McKinney ◽  
Kimberly Renk
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
Paternal Parenting ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Authoritative Parent

Although the relationship between parenting and outcomes for children and adolescents has been examined, differences between maternal and paternal parenting styles have received less attention, particularly in the case of late adolescents. As a result, this article examines the relationship between late adolescents' perceptions of their mothers' and fathers' parenting styles and their own emotional adjustment. Findings of this study suggest that mothers and fathers use different parenting styles for their sons and daughters. It also suggests that different combinations of maternal and paternal parenting (e.g., a permissive father parenting with an authoritarian mother) are related to late adolescents' emotional adjustment, with late adolescents who have at least one authoritative parent showing better adjustment than those who do not have such a parent. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of examining dyadic parent—adolescent relationships, and it suggests that having one authoritative parent may be a protective factor for late adolescents.

Perceived Mother–Father Dyad Parenting Typologies Across Four Regions in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110551
Author(s):  
Melanie Stearns ◽  
Erica Szkody ◽  
Cliff McKinney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Paternal Parenting ◽  
Very High

Although much research has investigated parenting styles, few studies have examined parenting across regions of the United States. The current study used a nationwide sample to examine perceived maternal and paternal parenting in four regions of the United States: Northeast, South, Midwest, and West. Participants included 1080 emerging adults who answered questionnaires regarding their perceptions of maternal and paternal parenting styles using an online survey. In all regions, the largest profile indicated a parenting style of High Authoritative/Authoritarian and Moderate Permissive mothers and fathers. Similarly, all regions indicated profiles that were High or Very High Authoritarian mothers and fathers. All regions except the West had a profile with High Authoritative mothers and High or Very High Authoritarian fathers. The Northeast, South, and West also had unique profiles found only in those regions. Thus, results indicate similarities as well as distinct differences in parenting style across regions of the United States.

Prolonged Exposure to Political Violence and the Development of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Palestinian Adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-220
Author(s):  
Muhammad M. Haj-Yahia ◽  
Charles W. Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter investigates the relationship between prolonged exposure to political violence (EPV) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among Palestinian adolescents. It also examines the moderating effect of participants’ age, gender, and parental socialization styles on the relationship between EPV and PTSS. A systematic cluster random sample of 2,934 Palestinian adolescents aged 14 to 19 years living in the West Bank and East Jerusalem responded to self-administered questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis showed a positive relationship between levels of EPV and of PTSS. Girls showed higher levels of PTSS than boys. Hostile and rejecting parenting styles, strict discipline, and negative evaluation from parents correlated positively with high PTSS, whereas intimate and loving parenting correlated with low levels of PTSS, supporting the hypotheses presented here. The chapter discusses the importance of intimate and loving parenting styles as a possible protective factor for mitigating the effects of political violence on children.

scholarly journals The Role of Emotional Intelligence on Psychological Adjustment and Peer Victimization in a Sample of Spanish Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cañas ◽  
Jesús F. Estévez ◽  
Estefanía Estévez ◽  
David Aparisi
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Relationship

In the last decades, interest in the study of the negative consequences of bullying for the victims has increased. Victims are often known to show emotional adjustment issues, such as negative self-concept and low life satisfaction. Moreover, some studies have observed important associations between self-concept and life satisfaction, in which a positive self-concept is related to high levels of life satisfaction. Other studies have pointed out the importance of emotional intelligence (EI), as a regulatory and protective factor against the negative impact of victimization on adjustment in adolescents. The main objective of this work was to analyze the mediating effect of self-concept on life satisfaction and the moderated mediation effect of EI on self-concept and life satisfaction in the context of peer victimization. The participants in the study were 1,318 Spanish students of both sexes and aged between 11 and 18 (M = 13.8, SD = 1.32) years, from four compulsory secondary education centers. The results indicated that, on the one hand, self-concept mediated the relationship between victimization and life satisfaction. On the other hand, EI was not only positively associated with self-concept, but it also significantly moderated the negative influence of victimization on self-concept. EI may also indirectly moderate the relationship between victimization and life satisfaction through the self-concept. These data show the importance of EI as a possible protective and moderating factor of the negative effect of bullying on emotional adjustment, which is interesting for the design of future prevention and intervention programs in school contexts.

scholarly journals The Influence of Parenting Style and Time Management Tendency on Internet Gaming Disorder among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9120
Author(s):  
I-Hua Chen ◽  
Zeng-Han Lee ◽  
Xiao-Yu Dong ◽  
Jeffrey Hugh Gamble ◽  
Hung-Wei Feng
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
The Relationship

The problem of adolescent online gaming addiction is related to individual-level characteristics and the influence of the family environment. The present study explores the potential role of adolescents’ time management tendency in mediating the relationship between parenting style and adolescent internet gaming disorder (IGD). Responses from a total of 357 Chinese high school students were collected for a Pathological Video-Game Use Questionnaire, Simplified Parenting Styles Scale, and Time Management Tendency Scale. Overall, participants reported moderate use of online games (Mean = 1.41; SD = 0.41), lower than the median value of 2 on a three-point scale. In terms of the mediating role of adolescents’ time management tendency, full meditation was observed for the relationship between the parenting style factor of “parents’ emotional warmth” for both mothers and fathers and internet gaming disorder. The results highlight the benefits of emotional warmth in supporting self-efficacy, self-control, and autonomy through the promotion of time management, which is an important protective factor for IGD and can serve as a mediating personality variable. Although non-significant in the complete model, over-protection and rejection by parents should also be cautiously considered as potential risk factors related to addiction.

scholarly journals The Role of Parental Acceptance–Rejection in Emotional Instability During Adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Mendo-Lázaro ◽  
Benito León-del-Barco ◽  
María-Isabel Polo-del-Río ◽  
Rocío Yuste-Tosina ◽  
Víctor-María López-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Parental Acceptance ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Maternal Rejection ◽  
Middle Adolescence ◽  
The Relationship

The present study focuses on analyzing the relationship between the parental acceptance–rejection perceived by adolescents and emotional instability from the early stages of adolescence. Special attention will be paid to potential differences between mothers and fathers. A total of 1181 students, aged 11–17, took part in the study. We used the factor of emotional instability in the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-NA) and an affect scale (EA-H) to measure parental acceptance–rejection. The analyses performed show a clear association between emotional instability with maternal/paternal criticism and rejection. Specifically, maternal criticism and rejection in early adolescence and paternal criticism and rejection in middle adolescence were associated with emotional instability, confirming the association between children’s and adolescents’ emotional adjustment and family dynamics. This study makes interesting contributions to understanding paternal and maternal rejection during the different stages of adolescence. These differences should be incorporated into the research on parental influence and its role in the development of personality among adolescents.

scholarly journals Perceived Parenting Style and Suicidal/Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in University Students: A Cross-Sectional South African Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwanja Chundu ◽  
Eugene L Davids ◽  
Petrus J de Vries
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
General Population ◽  
University Students ◽  
South African ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Authoritative Parenting ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Low- and middle-income countries like South Africa carry the greatest suicide burden, with local general population suicide attempt rates of 2.9–22.7%, in comparison to 0.7–9% in international literature. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) commonly co-occurs with suicidal behaviours and estimates range from 5.5% internationally to 19.4% in South Africa. As a subgroup of the general population, university students are at higher risk for both suicidal behaviours and NSSI (S/NSSI). Risk factors for S/NSSI include parenting style; however, very little is known about the relationship between parenting styles and S/NSSI in university students in the South African context. This study aimed to describe the rates of S/NSSI behaviours and to explore the relationship between the Baumrind parenting style typography and S/NSSI in university students. The study hypothesised that authoritative parenting would negatively correlate with S/NSSI. No a priori hypotheses were made about the other parenting styles investigated. Methods: Students from all faculties at the University of Cape Town were invited to complete an anonymous, online electronic survey. Data collection included a socio-demographic questionnaire, Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire and Self-Harming Behaviours Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics quantified parenting styles, suicidal behaviours and NSSI. Spearman’s correlation coefficients examined the association between parenting style and S/NSSI. Results: In 1136 students, the rate of suicidal attempts was 6.3% and of NSSI was 22.7%. Suicide threats, suicidal thoughts, and thoughts of dying were reported by 5.9%, 35.7% and 50.7% respectively. No significant differences were seen between male and female students. We observed no significant association between authoritative parenting and suicidal behaviours, but authoritative mothers and fathers were significantly associated with a history of NSSI. Both permissive mothers and fathers were associated with suicide attempts, threats, and thoughts, whereas only permissive mothers were associated with NSSI. Conclusions: This study replicates previously reported high rates of S/NSSI in South African university students in comparison to general population and international data. Contrary to our hypothesis, authoritative parenting style was positively correlated with NSSI, but not with suicidal behaviours. Further studies are warranted to examine parenting style, and permissive parenting, in particular, in relation to S/NSSI.

Paired Maternal and Paternal Parenting Styles, Child Custody and Children's Emotional Adjustment to Divorce

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Campana ◽  
Sandra Henderson ◽  
Arnold L. Stolberg ◽  
Lisa Schum
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Child Custody ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Paternal Parenting

Linking Mother–Father Differences in Parenting to a Typology of Family Parenting Styles and Adolescent Outcomes

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Gordon Simons ◽  
Rand D. Conger
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Adolescent Outcomes ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
School Commitment ◽  
Authoritative Parent

Using longitudinal data from a sample of 451 families with a child in eighth grade at the time of study, three research questions have been addressed: First, the study explored the ways in which mothers and fathers differ with regard to four parenting styles. Second, the study examined the manner in which individual parenting styles combine to form family parenting styles. Finally, the study investigated the extent to which these various styles are related to delinquency, depression, and school commitment for adolescents. Regardless of reporter, the most common family parenting styles are those in which both parents display the same style of parenting. Having two authoritative parents is associated with the most positive outcomes for adolescents. In the absence of this optimal family parenting style, there is evidence that having one authoritative parent can, in most cases, buffer a child from the deleterious consequences associated with less optimal styles of parenting.

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