Perceived Mother–Father Dyad Parenting Typologies Across Four Regions in the United States

Although much research has investigated parenting styles, few studies have examined parenting across regions of the United States. The current study used a nationwide sample to examine perceived maternal and paternal parenting in four regions of the United States: Northeast, South, Midwest, and West. Participants included 1080 emerging adults who answered questionnaires regarding their perceptions of maternal and paternal parenting styles using an online survey. In all regions, the largest profile indicated a parenting style of High Authoritative/Authoritarian and Moderate Permissive mothers and fathers. Similarly, all regions indicated profiles that were High or Very High Authoritarian mothers and fathers. All regions except the West had a profile with High Authoritative mothers and High or Very High Authoritarian fathers. The Northeast, South, and West also had unique profiles found only in those regions. Thus, results indicate similarities as well as distinct differences in parenting style across regions of the United States.

Study of the Social Wellbeing of Working Mothers of Preschool Children

This study examined the social wellbeing of working mothers of preschool children with the aim of identifying relationships between social wellbeing and influencing factors, focusing on the individual, relationship, and work environment of the mothers. Data on 390 working mothers were used for this study. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program and descriptive statistics. Pearson’s correlation analyses and hierarchical regression analyses were performed. The results show that social wellbeing has significantly positive correlations with education, monthly household income, number of children, age of the first child(8 and over), social capital for childcare, division of childcare, maternal role values, spouse’s beliefs about paternal parenting involvement, and family-supportive work environment, as well as significantly negative correlations with weekly working hours, sociological ambivalence, spouse’s beliefs about father’s breadwinner role and gender-role values, job overload, and gender-role attitudes of coworkers. In addition, hierarchical regression revealed that spouse’s beliefs about paternal parenting involvement and a family-supportive work environment were significantly positive predictors of working mothers’social wellbeing, whereas working mothers’sociological ambivalence toward their roles, job overload, and gender-role attitudes of coworkers were significantly negative predictors of working mothers’social wellbeing. These results point to ways of changing education and policy to improve the social wellbeing of working mothers.

Influence of paternal general parenting on Latino early adolescents’ energy balance-related behaviours and interactions with behaviour-specific parenting practices

Objective: To investigate the influence of general parenting dimensions on adolescents’ energy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) and its interactions with behaviour-specific parenting practices based on Darling and Steinberg’s contextual model of parenting style. Design: Multiple linear regression analyses and the Hayes PROCESS procedure to analyse self-reported cross-sectional survey data. Setting: In-person survey. Participants: Latino early adolescents and their fathers (n 225 dyads) recruited using convenience sampling from metropolitan areas of north-central USA. Results: Both paternal parenting dimensions of warmth and autonomy granting were positively associated with adolescents’ fruit intake, vegetable intake and physical activity. Coercive control was positively associated with adolescents’ sugary drink intake and sweets/salty snack intake. These associations were predominantly mediated by the parenting practices of setting expectations/allowances, role modelling, and managing availability and accessibility for corresponding EBRB. After adjusting for parenting practices, paternal warmth was inversely associated with adolescents’ screen time, paternal autonomy was positively associated with sugary drink intake, and both paternal warmth and autonomy granting were positively associated with adolescents’ fast food intake. In addition, positive associations between fathers’ parenting practices and adolescents’ sugary drink intake were significantly stronger among those who perceived high v. low levels of paternal warmth and autonomy granting. Conclusions: Paternal warmth and autonomy granting showed mixed effects on adolescents’ EBRB, and coercive control showed undesirable relationships with adolescents’ dietary intake via interactions with behaviour-specific parenting practices. Lifestyle intervention programmes for Latino adolescents need to consider incorporating paternal parenting education components.

Correlation between Parenting Styles and Emotional Intelligence among Adolescents

A correlational study to assess the parenting styles and emotional intelligence among adolescents in selected colleges, Thrissur. The objectives of the study were to identify the parenting styles among adolescents, assess the level of emotional intelligence among adolescents, correlate parenting styles and emotional intelligence among adolescents, associate the parenting styles among adolescents with their selected demographic variables and associate the emotional intelligence with their selected demographic variables. The conceptual framework used in this study was the Health Promotion Model proposed by Nola J Pender. Simple random sampling (Lottery methods) technique was used to select the samples. A non-experimental descriptive design was adopted to assess the parenting styles and emotional intelligence among 100 adolescents. The tool consisted of a structured questionnaire to assess the demographic variables of adolescents that include age, gender, occupation of parents, education of parents, siblings, birth order, monthly income of the family, and spiritual activity. Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) was used to assess the parenting styles and the emotional intelligence inventory was used to assess the emotional intelligence. The pilot study was done for 10 subjects and the tool found to be feasible for the study. The main study was conducted from 10th February to 9th March 2020. The study findings revealed that the maternal parenting styles includes 57% of adolescents had affectionate parenting style, 22% had optimal parenting style, 20% had affectionless parenting style and only 1% had neglectful parenting style with mean score of 45.6 while consider the paternal parenting styles 53% of adolescents had affectionate parenting style, 23% had affectionless control parenting style, 21% had optimal parenting style and only 3% had neglectful parenting style with mean score of 43.29. Whereas the emotional intelligence of adolescents, 33% of adolescents had middle level of emotional intelligence, 25% had high and very high level of emotional intelligence, 16% had low level of emotional intelligence and only 1% had very low level of emotional intelligence. There was negative correlation between maternal and paternal parenting styles and the value was -0.069. Also, p-value was 0.497 which was greater than 0.05 (p value > 0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between parenting styles and the emotional intelligence of adolescents. There was an association between maternal parenting styles and age of adolescents where the p value was0.048. There was no association between Paternal parenting styles and selected demographic variables. No association could be found between emotional intelligence and selected demographic variables.

Psychometric Properties of the Maternal and Paternal Parenting Styles Scale in Chilean Adolescents

Parenting style has been related to a series of positive outcomes that extend into adulthood. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the maternal and paternal parenting styles scale (PSS-MP) in a sample of adolescents. A cross-sectional design was used, with a probability sample of 2683 adolescents (48.8% women) from 32 public, private, and subsidized schools in Chile. In total, four confirmatory factor models were contrasted, which was the best fit to support the originally proposed six-correlated factor structure. The factor invariance analysis reflected that the metric equivalence according to sex is present at the level of scale invariance. It is concluded that the abbreviated version of the PSS-MP provides sufficient evidence for use in the Chilean adolescent population.