Openly gay undergraduate men in student government: Out, visible, and elected.

AbstractThis paper documents the structure and operations of student governments in contemporary Chinese higher education and their effect on college students’ political trust and party membership. We first investigate the structure and power distribution within student governments in Chinese universities, specifically focusing on the autonomy of student governments and the degree to which they represent students. Second, using a large sample of college students, we examine how participating in student government affects their political trust and party membership. Our results show that student government in Chinese higher education possesses a complex, hierarchical matrix structure with two main parallel systems—the student union and the Chinese Communist Party system. We found that power distribution within student governments is rather uneven, and student organisations that are affiliated with the Chinese Communist Party have an unequal share of power. In addition, we found that students’ cadre experience is highly appreciated in student cadre elections, and being a student cadre significantly affects their political trust and party membership during college.

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Educating Heroes

Worldview ◽

10.1017/s0084255900040213 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 10-13

Author(s):

John E. Becker

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Writing Programs ◽

Student Government ◽

Business Writing ◽

The Real ◽

English Departments ◽

Left Behind

“The real world.” How our students love the phrase! An ex-linguist of my acquaintance, bitter from years of mistreatment in English departments, has come to rest at last behind a very large oak desk in a generously appointed office at a large university. She is coordinator of business-writing programs, and a sense of authority informs her words now as she talks of “those of us who work in the real world.” Meanwhile the benighted rest of us, left behind on university faculties, complacently accept the givenness of that extrauniversity “real world.” At graduation rituals we sit smiling under our tassels and hear each speaker, from the head of student government to the chancellor, from professor to famous guest, tell our students that they are about to enter the “real world.”

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Conformity as a Function of Semantic Wording and Direction of Peers' Opinions

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1982.51.1.19 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 19-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. M. Jastrebske

Keyword(s):

Factorial Design ◽

Peer Group ◽

Semantic Context ◽

Peer Ratings ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Negative Context ◽

Undergraduate Men ◽

Two Independent Variables

Undergraduate men who held neutral positions on a variety of issues were exposed to peer-group opinions whose semantic wording was varied to present either a positive or negative context. Two replications of the procedure using statements of different contents were conducted (each sample n = 40); a 2 × 2 factorial design was used for both replications where the independent variables were direction of semantic wording (positive or negative) and direction of influence from peer ratings (for agreement or disagreement). Support was found for an interaction of the two independent variables wherein conformity increased as a function of congruity between direction of peer opinions and semantic context of stimulus-wording.

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Men and muscularity research: a review

Fashion and Textiles ◽

10.1186/s40691-021-00245-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sharron J. Lennon ◽

Kim K. P. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Cultural Influences ◽

Risky Behaviors ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Future Research ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Major Area ◽

Masculine Norms ◽

The Past ◽

Post Test ◽

Undergraduate Men

AbstractOver the past 25 years, understanding males’ interest in and outcomes of muscularity has developed into a major area of study. Research has been fueled by the development of measures of both the attitudinal and behavioral aspects of a desire to increase muscularity. Our research purpose was to critically assess muscularity research. Using a database search, the ancestry approach, and searching key journals, we identified empirical refereed journal articles with men as participants published from 2000 to 2019 to serve as our data. Our analyses revealed several individual characteristics (e.g., perfectionism, holding to traditional masculine norms) and socio-cultural influences (e.g., media, verbal commentary) that fueled men’s desire to be muscular. In experimental research, exposure to muscular male ideal images has resulted in low body image scores for young men in investigations that utilized pre-test, post-test designs. In survey research, muscularity was positively related to several risky behaviors or behaviors that could become risky if taken to the extreme. Overall, the reviewed research was conducted in western countries and researchers primarily utilized non-probability samples of undergraduate men. Recommendations for future research are provided.

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