On the Role of Incidental Affect in Dissonance Reduction Processes: Both Happy and Sad Moods Can Reduce Cognitive Dissonance

Price is a major influence on travel purchases; however, traveler reviews have also become a prevalent source of influence. Theories of social influence and cognitive dissonance provide insight into consumer decisions. This research investigated the effect of social influence in the form of traveler reviews and price on consumer decisions and postdecision dissonance. Student subjects evaluated two resorts for a Spring Break vacation in Cancun using a 2 (valence: positive or negative) × 2 (unanimity: unanimous or nonunanimous) × 3 (price: same, slightly lower, much lower) experimental design. The results reveal that social influence had a strong effect on both resort evaluations and postdecision dissonance. Nonunanimous reviews reduced the prevailing valence of reviews, but increased dissonance. The lack of results for price suggests that price may not be the predominant influence on decisions, as previously thought. This research provides new insight into the effect of traveler reviews on decisions by evaluating the unanimity of social influence, the effect of price differences, and the extent to which consumers engage in postdecision dissonance reduction.

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The impacts of relationship marketing on cognitive dissonance, satisfaction, and loyalty

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management ◽

10.1108/ijrdm-05-2013-0109 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 553-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Seyed Shahin Sharifi ◽

Mohammad Rahim Esfidani

Keyword(s):

Customer Satisfaction ◽

Relationship Marketing ◽

Cognitive Dissonance ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Content Type ◽

Attitudinal Loyalty ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Post Purchase ◽

Purchase Satisfaction

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study how relationship marketing can reduce cognitive dissonance in post-purchase stage and, thereby, increase customer satisfaction and encourage loyalty under mediating roles of trust and cognitive dissonance. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a survey on consumers of cell phones, the authors tested the effects of relationship marketing on cognitive dissonance and then customer satisfaction, behavioural, and attitudinal loyalty, using structural equation modelling. Findings – The results indicate that, thanks to relationship marketing, consumers undertook less cognitive dissonance in post-purchase stage. Thus, as consumers faced less cognitive dissonance, they represented more satisfaction and thereby behavioural and attitudinal loyalty. Additionally, the study confirmed the mediating role of trust and cognitive dissonance. Practical implications – The results show that when brands and retailers make their ties with their customers stronger and encourage trust, they can discourage cognitive dissonance in post-purchase stage and thereby encourage customer satisfaction and behavioural and attitudinal loyalty. Originality/value – Literature on post-purchase behaviour and cognitive dissonance shows how cognitive dissonance can reduce post-purchase satisfaction. Our research adds to the literature of both relationship marketing and post-purchase behaviour.

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INFLUENCE OF COGNITIVE DYSONANCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM

Comparative studies of Slavic languages and literatures. In memory of Academician Leonid Bulakhovsky ◽

10.17721/2075-437x.2019.35.07 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 70-78

Author(s):

T. Krech ◽

I. Milyeva

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Dissonance ◽

Human Mind ◽

Communication Process ◽

Psychological Reality ◽

Language System ◽

The Subject ◽

The Many

The language system is susceptible to the many changes that occur in society and the consciousness of its members. Language units can be motivated by taboos – a phenomenon that causes a person to abandon the use of some language units and replace them with others that are more suitable for this communicative situation. Such a replacement is due to mental rejection, emotional discomfort, in fact, cognitive dissonance, which is born as a result of various objective and subjective factors. The presence in the human mind of a fideistic attitude to the word is a psychological reality. Therefore, the use of replacement words as a result of a certain mental discomfort has become the subject of research not only for linguists, but also for scientists who deal with issues of culture, religion, ethnography, and especially psychology. Some sources that we used to write an article are not so much of a linguistic nature, but rather of a psycholinguistic one. At the same time, scientists note that consciously or unconsciously, but a person always feels a greater role of associative connections between a word and a named subject. The purpose of the article is to study language units motivated by ancient remnants, and to determine the role of euphemisms in the communication process. It is these “soft” expressions that make speech more pleasant, one that protects the psyche and aesthetic feelings of a person.

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When election expectations fail: Polarized perceptions of election legitimacy increase with accumulating evidence of election outcomes and with polarized media

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. e0259473

Author(s):

Marrissa D. Grant ◽

Alexandra Flores ◽

Eric J. Pedersen ◽

David K. Sherman ◽

Leaf Van Boven

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Dissonance ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

The United States ◽

Fox News ◽

The Media ◽

Democrats And Republicans ◽

Dissonance Theory ◽

Over Time

The present study, conducted immediately after the 2020 presidential election in the United States, examined whether Democrats’ and Republicans’ polarized assessments of election legitimacy increased over time. In a naturalistic survey experiment, people (N = 1,236) were randomly surveyed either during the week following Election Day, with votes cast but the outcome unknown, or during the following week, after President Joseph Biden was widely declared the winner. The design unconfounded the election outcome announcement from the vote itself, allowing more precise testing of predictions derived from cognitive dissonance theory. As predicted, perceived election legitimacy increased among Democrats, from the first to the second week following Election Day, as their expected Biden win was confirmed, whereas perceived election legitimacy decreased among Republicans as their expected President Trump win was disconfirmed. From the first to the second week following Election Day, Republicans reported stronger negative emotions and weaker positive emotions while Democrats reported stronger positive emotions and weaker negative emotions. The polarized perceptions of election legitimacy were correlated with the tendencies to trust and consume polarized media. Consumption of Fox News was associated with lowered perceptions of election legitimacy over time whereas consumption of other outlets was associated with higher perceptions of election legitimacy over time. Discussion centers on the role of the media in the experience of cognitive dissonance and the implications of polarized perceptions of election legitimacy for psychology, political science, and the future of democratic society.

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Role of Emotional Entropy and Ethnocentric Paradigms in International Service-Learning

Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education ◽

10.32674/jcihe.v12iwinter.1554 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (Winter) ◽

pp. 13-46

Author(s):

Christine Cress ◽

Thomas Van Cleave

Keyword(s):

Service Learning ◽

Cognitive Dissonance ◽

Transformational Learning ◽

Culture Shock ◽

American Student ◽

Pedagogical Model ◽

International Service Learning ◽

International Service ◽

Global Agency

Transformational learning in international service-learning experiences can by stymied by cultural ignorance and culture shock. Cognitive dissonance and emotional entropy are especially salient in American student encounters in India. Based upon three program years of data a pedagogical model for dismantling ethnocentric paradigms supports students’ development of culturally-contextualized global agency development.

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The role of organic matter in formation of the properties of a shale deposit

Доклады Академии наук ◽

10.31857/s0869-56524842220-223 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 484 (2) ◽

pp. 220-223

Author(s):

И. Ф. Юсупова

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Carbonate Rocks ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Low Density ◽

Lower Strength ◽

Reduction Processes ◽

Local Areas ◽

Oil Shales ◽

Mosaic Distribution

Baltic oil shales — kukersites were studied as an example of rocks with rock-forming organic matter (OM). The volumetric significance of their OM is shown (due to the low density) in the volume and thickness of the shale layers. A higher OM content is responsible for a lower strength of the shales relative to the carbonate rocks of the deposit. The variable OM contents and other heterogeneities of the shale layers (structure, nodules, etc.) are factors of the mosaic distribution of areas with different density–strength properties and, as a result, of uneven reduction of layers and their deformation in the case of OM loss (full or partial). It is concluded that the intercalation of kukersite and limestone layers leads to density and strength anisotropy of the shale deposit. Episodic loss of OM and carbonates by the shales is considered for the local areas of the deposit: here, kukersites contain only a terrigenous component with clasts of limestones, shales, and epigenetic sulfides. The loss of OM is explained by sulfate-reduction processes in the underground hydrosphere.

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PERAN MAKSUD DIDALAM DISONANSI KOGNITIF PESERTA PELATIHAN VOKASIONAL RENCANA USAHA DAN MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN KSM BINAAN BDC SRIWIJAYA PALEMBANG

Jemasi: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen dan Akuntansi ◽

10.35449/jemasi.v15i2.48 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 90-105

Author(s):

Ellys Thoyib ◽

Lily Rahmawati Harahap ◽

R.Y. Effendi

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Dissonance ◽

Financial Management ◽

Vocational Training ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Active Role ◽

Positive Intention ◽

Foster Father ◽

Very High

This study aims to determine the role of intention in cognitive dissonance among 70 participants in vocational training on business plan and financial management of micro small entrepreneurs in independent community groups (KSM) producers of pempek, kemplang kerupuk, jumputan, tajung, blongket and songket. The hope is to change the mindset of participants in traditional financial management into accountable financial management. This knowledge is a stimulus that will stimulate the intention, to be a strong predictor of forming attitudes and expected behavior. It turns out that after 4 months of training, only 5% of the participants implemented this material, while 95% did not. The results of the study of the authors obtained data that the positive intention in the cognitive system of participants is very high, ranging from 74% to 97%. There has been a cognitive dissonance in the participants' attitudes and behavior.So it can be concluded that positive intentions can be in line with attitudes and behaviors but may not, this can happen because there is no strong role from external elements, such as limited market prospects and channeling around them, capital and financial management have not been effective, quality of management and HR is not yet committed, the role of BDC as a coach is not optimal, it should be able to play an active role as the foster father of KSM.

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