Sex-based Expectations: What College Students Think of Men and Women

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Caskey ◽  
Kelly B. Farr ◽  
Kathryn A. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Men And Women

scholarly journals Prevalence and demographic, substance use, and mental health correlates of fasting among U.S. college students

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle T. Ganson ◽  
Rachel F. Rodgers ◽  
Stuart B. Murray ◽  
Jason M. Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Injury

Abstract Background Fasting is an unhealthy behavior that has been frequently used as part of weight loss attempts. To date, little research has been conducted to determine the prevalence and substance use and mental health correlates of fasting among college students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and associations between any (≥ 1 time) and regular (≥ 13 times) occurrences of fasting in the past 4 weeks and substance use and mental health correlates among a large sample of college students from 2016 to 2020. Methods Data from four academic survey years (2016–2020; N = 8255) of the national (USA) Healthy Minds Study were analyzed. Unadjusted prevalence of any and regular fasting by survey year and gender was estimated. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the associations between any and regular fasting and the demographic (age, body mass index, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, highest parental education), substance use (cigarette use, marijuana use, other illicit drug use, alcohol use), and mental health (depression, anxiety, eating disorder symptoms, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury) correlates. Results Any fasting in the past 4 weeks was common among both men (14.77%) and women (18.12%) and significantly increased from 2016 (10.30%) to 2020 (19.81%) only among men. Regular fasting significantly increased among both men and women from 2016 (men: 1.46%; women: 1.79%) to 2020 (men: 3.53%; women: 6.19%). Among men and women, both any and regular fasting in the past 4 weeks were associated with higher odds of all mental health symptoms, including a positive depression, anxiety, and eating disorder screen, suicidal ideation, and non-suicidal self-injury. Among women, but not men, any and regular fasting in the past 4 weeks were associated with higher odds of marijuana use and other illicit drug use (e.g., cocaine, ecstasy). Conclusions The results from this study underscore both the high and increasing prevalence of fasting among a national sample of college students, as well as the substance use and mental health symptoms associated with this behavior. Healthcare professionals both on and off campus should consider screening for fasting behaviors among college students and provide appropriate intervention when needed.

Individual Differences in Valuing Mates' Physical Attractiveness

2006 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 502-511
Author(s):  
Eugene W. Mathes ◽  
Abby Bielser ◽  
Ticcarra Cassell ◽  
Sarah Summers ◽  
Aggie Witowski
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women College Students

To investigate correlates of valuing physical attractiveness in a mate, it was hypothesized that valuing physical attractiveness in a mate would correlate with sex and valuing promiscuous sex, status, personal physical attractiveness, beauty, and order. Men and women college students completed measures of the extent to which they valued physical attractiveness in a mate and other variables. Valuing physical attractiveness in a mate was correlated with sex (men valued physical attractiveness in a mate more than did women) and valuing promiscuous sex and status, and, for women, valuing personal physical attractiveness. The results were explained in terms of evolutionary theory.

Tinder: A Game with Gendered Rules and Consequences

2021 ◽  
pp. 232949652110194
Author(s):  
Dana Berkowitz ◽  
Justine Tinkler ◽  
Alana Peck ◽  
Lynnette Coto
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Sexual Scripts ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
College Age ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction ◽  
Social Psychological Theory

The popularity of Mobile Dating Applications has increased in recent years, with Tinder transforming the dating landscape for college students. Drawing upon 249 peer-facilitated interviews with college-age men and women, we explore how this population uses Tinder. Informed by social-psychological theory and research on impression management and stereotyping, we show how Tinder’s marketing strategy and game-like platform appeal to college students’ desires to reduce uncertainty and risk in forming romantic and intimate connections. However, by upending existing interaction norms, the Tinder environment creates new forms of ambiguity, which, in turn, incentivizes conformity to traditional heterogender norms and encourages racist and classist swiping behavior. Our study advances the literature on inequality and intimate marketplaces by generating insight about how contemporary dating and sexual scripts are constructed, accomplished, and negotiated when new technologies disrupt established patterns of interaction.

Come-ons and Put-offs: Unmarried Students' Strategies for Having and Avoiding Sexual Intercourse

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi B. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Sexual Encounter ◽  
Sex Role Attitudes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Encounters

One-hundred and twenty male and 109 female unmarried college students participated in a questionnaire study of actual and expected male-female differences in the use of 10 strategies for having and avoiding sexual intercourse. As predicted, both men and women viewed strategies for having sex as used predominantly by males and strategies for avoiding sex as used predominantly by females. However, sex-role attitudes were unrelated to students' expectations of sexual encounters. Both traditional and profeminist students expected that strategies for having sex would be used predominantly by males and strategies for avoiding sex would be used predominantly by females. It appeared that students still stereotyped having sex as a male goal and avoiding sex as a female goal. Men and women were unexpectedly similar in their personal strategies for influencing a sexual encounter. Both men and women reported using more indirect strategies to have sex and more direct strategies to avoid having sex. These findings suggest that when men and women share the same goals (such as having or avoiding sex), expected differences between male and female influencing agents disappear

An Examination of the Current Usefulness of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1331-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Oswald
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Report Measure

In the present study, an ethnically diverse convenience sample ( N = 182; 62% female) of working adults (56%) and college students ( M age = 30.9 yr., SD = 12.8, range = 18 to 71) completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory which is a widely used self-report measure of perceptions of gender roles. Based on their scores, individuals' sex roles can be categorized as Masculine or Feminine (sex-typed) or Androgynous. The results of this study suggest that, almost 30 years after it was first developed, the categories can still be used to categorize men and women of varying ages.

scholarly journals Testing the Kundera Hypothesis: Does Every Woman (But Not Every Man) Prefer Her Child to Her Mate?

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 147470491880886
Author(s):  
Carlos Hernández Blasi ◽  
Laura Mondéjar
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Milan Kundera ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Car Crash ◽  
Inclusive Fitness Theory ◽  
Role Of Women

The context of a famous novel by Milan Kundera ( Immortality) suggests that when faced with a life-or-death situation, every woman would prefer to save her child than her husband, left hanging whether every man would do the same. We labeled this as the Kundera hypothesis, and the purpose of this study was to test it empirically as we believe it raises a thought-provoking question in evolutionary terms. Specifically, 197 college students (92 women) were presented a questionnaire where they had to make different decisions about four dilemmas about who to save (their mate or their offspring) in two hypothetical life-or-death situations: a home fire and a car crash. These dilemmas involved two different mate ages (a 25- or a 40-year-old mate) and two offspring ages (1- or a 6-year-old child). For comparative purposes, we also included complementary life-or-death dilemmas on both a sibling and an offspring, and a sibling and a cousin. The results generally supported the Kundera hypothesis: Although the majority of men and women made the decision to save their offspring instead of their mate, about 18% of men on average (unlike the 5% of women) consistently decided to save their mate across the four dilemmas in the two life-or-death situations. These data were interpreted with reference to Hamilton’s inclusive fitness theory, the preferential role of women as kin keepers, and the evolution of altruism toward friends and mates.

scholarly journals Attitudes Toward Dating Violence Among College Students in Mainland China: An Exploratory Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared R. Anderson ◽  
Wen Chi Chen ◽  
Matthew D. Johnson ◽  
Sarah E. Lyon ◽  
Chih-Yuan Steven Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Physical Dating Violence ◽  
Violence Attitudes ◽  
China Men

This study investigates attitudes toward psychological and physical dating violence among college students in mainland China (n = 245). The results of this study indicate that among our sample of college students in mainland China, men and women were relatively similar in their attitudes toward male perpetrated and female perpetrated physical dating violence and female perpetrated psychological dating violence. As has been found in previous research, men and women in our sample were more accepting of female perpetrated physical and psychological dating violence than male perpetrated physical and psychological dating violence. Finally, among several variables that predicted dating violence attitudes, shame emerged as a potentially important variable to include in future studies on dating violence in Chinese populations.

scholarly journals Perceived norms for thinness and muscularity among college students: What do men and women really want?

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel R. Grossbard ◽  
Clayton Neighbors ◽  
Mary E. Larimer
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Perceived Norms

Arousing Patriotic Feelings in Men and Women

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 914-914
Author(s):  
David Lester ◽  
Robert B. Hudson ◽  
Jean Costic
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Men And Women

In a sample of college students, 31 men responded more patriotically on a questionnaire after viewing violent scenes of war while 56 women responded more patriotically after viewing nonviolent scenes of soldiers.

Gender in Mock Hiring Decisions

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Foster ◽  
Sherry Dingman ◽  
Jessica Muscolino ◽  
Michael A. Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Job Analysis ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Human Resource Managers ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Business Courses ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Gender Specific

On the basis of reviewing three resumés, 80 college students (44 women, 36 men), role-playing as human resource managers, were asked to recommend a candidate for a sales position at a brokerage firm. The apparent gender of candidates for the position was manipulated by assigning names that were gender-ambiguous or gender-specific to a given resumé. Students were asked to select one of three candidates: (1) the most qualified, (2) the less qualified for whom gender was ambiguous, or (3) the less qualified who differed in gender from the most qualified. Students were also asked to select a second candidate for an interview for the job. Analysis indicated both men and women favored their own gender. Only 56% of these college students who were enrolled in psychology and business courses, which should serve as some foundation for a career in human resources, actually selected the most qualified applicant.

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