What Can the Behavioral Sciences Do to Modify the World So that Women Who Want to Participate Meaningfully are not Regarded as and are not in Fact Deviant

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo-Ann E. Gardner ◽  
Ethel Alpenfels ◽  
Wilma Scott Heide
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
The World

scholarly journals The weirdest people in the world?

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Henrich ◽  
Steven J. Heine ◽  
Ara Norenzayan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Phenomenon

AbstractBehavioral scientists routinely publish broad claims about human psychology and behavior in the world's top journals based on samples drawn entirely from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) societies. Researchers – often implicitly – assume that either there is little variation across human populations, or that these “standard subjects” are as representative of the species as any other population. Are these assumptions justified? Here, our review of the comparative database from across the behavioral sciences suggests both that there is substantial variability in experimental results across populations and that WEIRD subjects are particularly unusual compared with the rest of the species – frequent outliers. The domains reviewed include visual perception, fairness, cooperation, spatial reasoning, categorization and inferential induction, moral reasoning, reasoning styles, self-concepts and related motivations, and the heritability of IQ. The findings suggest that members of WEIRD societies, including young children, are among the least representative populations one could find for generalizing about humans. Many of these findings involve domains that are associated with fundamental aspects of psychology, motivation, and behavior – hence, there are no obviousa priorigrounds for claiming that a particular behavioral phenomenon is universal based on sampling from a single subpopulation. Overall, these empirical patterns suggests that we need to be less cavalier in addressing questions ofhumannature on the basis of data drawn from this particularly thin, and rather unusual, slice of humanity. We close by proposing ways to structurally re-organize the behavioral sciences to best tackle these challenges.

The weirdest brains in the world

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 88-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Y. Chiao ◽  
Bobby K. Cheon
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Cultural Neuroscience ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Compelling Argument ◽  
The World ◽  
Multiple Levels

AbstractHenrich et al. provide a compelling argument about a bias in the behavioral sciences to study human behavior primarily in WEIRD populations. Here we argue that brain scientists are susceptible to similar biases, sampling primarily from WEIRD populations; and we discuss recent evidence from cultural neuroscience demonstrating the importance and viability of investigating culture across multiple levels of analysis.

scholarly journals The future of the Basque Homeland: An ekistic approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (415-417) ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
University Of Arizona ◽  
The World ◽  
University Professor ◽  
The City ◽  
Development Department

The author is Professor Emeritus of Planning, School of Planning, College of Architecture, University of Arizona, Tucson; and Adjunct Professor of Regional Development, Department of Geography and Regional Development, Graduate College and the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences of the same university. Professor Mann is adviser to organizations and governments locally, regionally, nationally, in Latin America, Europe, etc., and also a member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a revised, edited and radically reduced version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.

scholarly journals Behavioral Economics in Military Personnel Research and Policy

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Benjamin Sylvester ◽  
Damian O’Keefe ◽  
Steve Gooch ◽  
Eugenia Kalantzis
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Canadian Armed Forces ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Military ◽  
Economics Research ◽  
Research And Policy

AbstractBehavioral economics is a burgeoning field of research that is being used to increase the effectiveness of military policies, programs, and operations. This chapter provides an overview of the origins of behavioral economics, key concepts, how behavioral economics research translates into applied behavioral change, and the rise of behavioral economics teams in government around the world. The chapter outlines how behavioral economics is being used within the military, with specific examples from Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel research to illustrate how this field is being applied to military behavioral sciences.

Emphasis on Behavioral Sciences Increasing at the World Health Organization

1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-46
Author(s):  
C. David Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals The future of the Basque Homeland: An ekistic approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (415-417) ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
University Of Arizona ◽  
The World ◽  
University Professor ◽  
The City ◽  
Development Department

The author is Professor Emeritus of Planning, School of Planning, College of Architecture, University of Arizona, Tucson; and Adjunct Professor of Regional Development, Department of Geography and Regional Development, Graduate College and the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences of the same university. Professor Mann is adviser to organizations and governments locally, regionally, nationally, in Latin America, Europe, etc., and also a member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a revised, edited and radically reduced version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the city in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.

The Battelle Memorial Institute's Human Affairs Research Centers

1981 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 584-589
Author(s):  
James A. Thurber
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Battelle Memorial Institute ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Societal Problems

The Battelle Memorial Institute, which began operations in 1929 at its corporate site in Columbus, Ohio, is the largest multinational, public purpose, not-for-profit research organization in the world. Its 7,500 natural scientists, engineers, social scientists, and support personnel are engaged in a broad range of research which embraces the physical, life, and social/behavioral sciences. Battelle operates major research centers in Columbus, Ohio; Frankfurt, Germany; Geneva, Switzerland; and Richland and Seattle, Washington. Battelle's research volume in 1980 was $811 million, which included projects in 75 countries throughout the world. A major objective of Battelle is to benefit mankind by the advancement and utilization of science through technological innovation and educational activities and dissemination of knowledge through publications.Until the late 1960s, Battelle was known primarily for its research in the physical and life sciences (including the basic research and development of xerography in the mid-1940s). In 1971 the Battelle Human Affairs Research Centers (HARC) was created to do basic and applied research in the social and behavioral sciences. HARC is a multidisciplinary social science organization that conducts research and educational activities directed toward the solution of significant societal problems. Its staff of over 1 50, which is located in Seattle and Washington, D.C. and includes political scientists, policy analysts, sociologists, psychologists, anthropologists, economists, international affairs and defense specialists, urban planners, and statisticians, is one of the largest non-academic groups of social scientists in the United States.

A pragmatist philosophy of psychological science and its implications for replication

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gantman ◽  
Robin Gomila ◽  
Joel E. Martinez ◽  
J. Nathan Matias ◽  
Elizabeth Levy Paluck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
William James ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
The World ◽  
Pragmatist Philosophy

AbstractA pragmatist philosophy of psychological science offers to the direct replication debate concrete recommendations and novel benefits that are not discussed in Zwaan et al. This philosophy guides our work as field experimentalists interested in behavioral measurement. Furthermore, all psychologists can relate to its ultimate aim set out by William James: to study mental processes that provide explanations for why people behave as they do in the world.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

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