Minority Dissenter Biased Information Search and Anticipated Group Tasks

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Gandhi ◽  
Simon Taggar
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Biased Information

Process Accountability as a De-Escalation Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Klaus Moser ◽  
Hans-Georg Wolff ◽  
Roman Soucek
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Escalation Of Commitment ◽  
Tunnel Vision ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Performance Problems ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Biased Information

Abstract. Escalation of commitment occurs when a course of action is continued despite repeated drawbacks (e.g., maintaining an employment relationship despite severe performance problems). We analyze process accountability (PA) as a de-escalation technique that helps to discontinue a failing course of action and show how time moderates both the behavioral and cognitive processes involved: (1) Because sound decisions should be based on (hopefully unbiased) information search, which requires time to gather, the effect of PA on de-escalation increases over time. (2) Because continuing information search creates behavioral commitment, the debiasing effect of PA on information search diminishes over time. (3) Consistent with the tunnel vision notion, the effects of less biased information search on de-escalation decrease over time.

Biased information search in group decision making.

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schulz-Hardt ◽  
Dieter Frey ◽  
Carsten Lüthgens ◽  
Serge Moscovici
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Biased Information

scholarly journals Polarization and extremism emerge from rational choice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Kvam ◽  
Matthew Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Irrational Thinking ◽  
Preferential Choice ◽  
New Information ◽  
Decision Efficiency ◽  
Biased Information

{Polarization is often thought to be the product of biased information search, motivated reasoning, or other psychological biases. However, polarization and extremism can still occur in the absence of any bias or irrational thinking. In this paper, we show that polarization occurs among groups of decision makers who are implementing rational choice strategies that maximize decision efficiency. This occurs because extreme information enables decision makers to make up their minds and stop considering new information, whereas moderate information is unlikely to trigger a decision. Furthermore, groups of decision makers will generate extremists -- individuals who hold strong views despite being uninformed and impulsive. In re-analyses of seven previous empirical studies on both perceptual and preferential choice, we show that both polarization and extremism manifest across a wide variety of choice paradigms. We conclude by offering theoretically-motivated interventions that could reduce polarization and extremism by altering the incentives people have when gathering information.

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