The lagged effect of emotional job demands, resources and emotional support seeking on emotional exhaustion

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the present cross-sectional study is to investigate the role of perceived COVID-19-related organizational demands and threats in predicting emotional exhaustion, and the role of organizational support in reducing the negative influence of perceived COVID-19 work-related stressors on burnout. Moreover, the present study aims to add to the understanding of the role of personal resources in the Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R) by examining whether personal resources—such as the professionals’ orientation towards patient engagement—may also strengthen the impact of job resources and mitigate the impact of job demands. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 532 healthcare professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. It adopted the Job-Demands-Resource Model to study the determinants of professional’s burnout. An integrative model describing how increasing job demands experienced by this specific population are related to burnout and in particular to emotional exhaustion symptoms was developed. Results The results of the logistic regression models provided strong support for the proposed model, as both Job Demands and Resources are significant predictors (OR = 2.359 and 0.563 respectively, with p < 0.001). Moreover, healthcare professionals’ orientation towards patient engagement appears as a significant moderator of this relationship, as it reduces Demands’ effect (OR = 1.188) and increases Resources’ effect (OR = 0.501). Conclusions These findings integrate previous findings on the JD-R Model and suggest the relevance of personal resources and of relational factors in affecting professionals’ experience of burnout.

Download Full-text

The Influence of Maladaptive Coping Modes, Resilience and Job Demands on Emotional Exhaustion in Psychologists

Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy ◽

10.1002/cpp.2631 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew F. Smout ◽

Susan G. Simpson ◽

Fiona Stacey ◽

Corinne Reid

Keyword(s):

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Job Demands ◽

Maladaptive Coping

Download Full-text

Relationship between generic and occupation-specific job demands and resources, negative work−home interference and burnout among GPs

Journal of Management & Organization ◽

10.1017/jmo.2021.16 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

N.C. Verhoef ◽

M. De Ruiter ◽

R.J. Blomme ◽

E.C. Curfs

Keyword(s):

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Ecological Validity ◽

Job Demands ◽

Job Design ◽

Specific Work ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Important Extension ◽

Work Family ◽

The Relationship ◽

Job Demands And Resources

Abstract Scholars often examine the effect of generic job demands and resources on burnout, yet to increase ecological validity, it is important to examine the effects of occupation-specific characteristics. An extended version of the job demands-resources model with work−home interference as a mediator is examined among a cross-sectional sample of 178 general practitioners (GPs). Interviews with GPs were used to develop questions on occupation-specific work characteristics. Hypotheses were tested in MEDIATE. Both generic and occupation-specific job demands positively affected emotional exhaustion, while only occupation-specific job demands affected depersonalization. Only strain-based work−family interference mediated the relationship between generic and occupation-specific job demands, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. This study offers an important extension of the job demands-resources model by including occupation-specific job characteristics. This broader perspective can aid in more targeted job design to reduce burnout among GPs.

Download Full-text

New insights into self-initiated work design: the role of job crafting, self-undermining and five types of job satisfaction for employee’s health and work ability

German Journal of Human Resource Management Zeitschrift für Personalforschung ◽

10.1177/23970022211029023 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 239700222110290

Author(s):

Antonia-Sophie Döbler ◽

André Emmermacher ◽

Stefanie Richter-Killenberg ◽

Joshua Nowak ◽

Jürgen Wegge

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Work Engagement ◽

Work Ability ◽

Job Demands ◽

Well Being ◽

Job Crafting ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Personal Resources

The present study provides evidence for the important role of job crafting and self-undermining behaviors at work, two new concepts that were recently integrated into the well-known job demands-resources (JD-R) theory (Bakker and Demerouti, 2017). We investigate how these behaviors are associated with work engagement, emotional exhaustion, and work ability as a long-term indicator of employee’s well-being. Furthermore, we examine the moderating role of personal resources in the stress-strain process by comparing groups of employees representing the five types of job satisfaction defined by Bruggemann (1974). Data was collected in a cross-sectional study within a German DAX company’s manufacturing plant from 1145 blue- and white-collar workers. Results of structural equation modeling provided, as expected, support for an indirect effect of job demands and job resources on emotional exhaustion and work engagement through job crafting and self-undermining. Work ability, on the other hand, was mainly affected by emotional exhaustion, but not by work engagement. Most important, we found significant differences between path coefficients across the five types of job satisfaction indicating that these types represent important constellations of personal resources and job demands that should be considered both for analyzing stress at work and for offering tailored stress interventions in organizations.

Download Full-text

Employee engagement and Emotional Exhaustion of Fly-In-Fly-Out Workers: A Diary Study

10.31234/osf.io/6n7my ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Simon Albrecht ◽

Jeromy Anglim

Keyword(s):

Employee Engagement ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Hierarchical Modeling ◽

Job Demands ◽

Job Resources ◽

Future Research ◽

Bayesian Hierarchical ◽

Emotional Demand ◽

Work Cycle ◽

Emotional Demands

Objective: Although Fly-in-Fly-Out (FIFO) work practices are widely used, little is known about their impact on the motivation and wellbeing of FIFO workers across the course of their work cycles. Drawing from the Job Demands-Resources model, we aimed to test for the within-person effects of time of work cycle, job demands, and job resources on emotional exhaustion and employee engagement at three day-intervals. Method: Fifty-two FIFO workers filled out three or more on-line diary surveys after every three days of their on-site work roster. The survey consisted of items drawn from previously validated scales. Bayesian hierarchical modeling of the day-level data was conducted. Results: Workers, on average, showed a decline in engagement and supervisor support, and an increase in emotional demand over the course of the work cycle. The results of the hierarchical modeling showed that day-level autonomy predicted day-level engagement and that day-level workload and emotional demands predicted emotional exhaustion. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of managing FIFO employees' day-to-day experiences of job demands and job resources because of their influence on employee engagement and emotional exhaustion. To best protect FIFO worker day-level wellbeing, employing organisations should ensure optimal levels of job autonomy, workload, and emotional demands. Practical implications, study limitations and areas for future research are outlined.

Download Full-text

Self-efficacy for instructional leadership: relations with perceived job demands and job resources, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and motivation to quit

Social Psychology of Education ◽

10.1007/s11218-020-09585-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 1343-1366

Author(s):

Cecilie Skaalvik

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Instructional Leadership ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Job Demands ◽

Study Data ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Job Resources ◽

Survey Study ◽

Motivation To Quit

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore associations between school principals’ self-efficacy for instructional leadership, their perceptions of work-related demands and resources, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and motivation to leave the principal position (quit). Four hundred and forty-seven principals in elementary school and high school participated in a survey study. Data were analyzed by means of confirmatory factor analyses and SEM analyses. Self-efficacy for instructional leadership was negatively associated with the perception of all job demands and positively associated with the perception of all job resources in the study. In the SEM analysis, the associations between (a) self-efficacy and (b) emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and motivation to quit were indirect, mediated through the perception of job demands and job resources.

Download Full-text

Emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction among Norwegian school principals: relations with perceived job demands and job resources

International Journal of Leadership in Education ◽

10.1080/13603124.2020.1791964 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Cecilie Skaalvik

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

School Principals ◽

Job Demands ◽

Job Resources ◽

Norwegian School

Download Full-text

“You Shouldn’t Use Facebook for That”: Navigating Norm Violations While Seeking Emotional Support on Facebook

Social Media + Society ◽

10.1177/2056305117733225 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 205630511773322 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Emily M. Buehler

Keyword(s):

Emotional Support ◽

Community Sample ◽

Supportive Communication ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Social Contacts ◽

Support Providers ◽

Appropriate Behavior ◽

Norm Violations ◽

Support Seeking ◽

Inductive Thematic Analysis

Facebook users who choose to seek emotional support publicly via Facebook Timeline posts must balance their needs for emotional comfort with norms for appropriate behavior within the Facebook context. Although Facebook promotes access to diverse social contacts who could serve as emotional support providers, the norms of Facebook use often prevent users from explicitly and directly venting their affect and requesting emotional support. A community sample ( N = 185) completed an online questionnaire through which participants provided their most recent public Facebook post that was intended to garner social support. Inductive thematic analysis was employed to identify the strategies individuals enact to navigate the tension between effectively seeking emotional support while avoiding violating implicit Facebook norms associated with oversharing or appearing emotionally needy. Six themes characterizing emotional support-seeking strategies on Facebook emerged from the data. These themes are further subdivided, described, and discussed as they pertain to extant literature on supportive communication and Facebook norms.

Download Full-text