Optimizing of the installed capacity of hybrid renewable energy with a modified MPPT model

The lack of wind speed capacity and the emission of photons from sunlight are the problem in a hybrid system of photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines. To overcome this shortcoming, the incremental conductance (IC) algorithm is applied that could control the converter work cycle and the switching of the buck boost therefore maximum efficiency of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is reached. The operation of the PV-wind hybrid system, consisting of a 100 W PV array device and a 400 W wind subsystem, 12 V/100 Ah battery energy storage and LED, the PV-wind system requires a hybrid controller for battery charging and usage and load lamp and it’s conducted in experimental setup. The experimental has shown that an average increase in power generated was 38.8% compared to a single system of PV panels or a single wind turbine sub-system. Therefore, the potential opportunities for increasing power production in the tropics wheather could be carried out and applied with this model.

Wear analysis in cutting tools by the technique of image processing with the application of two-dimensional matrices

The useful life of the tools is a very important economic factor in the metal industry, so any improvement of the tool or material that can extend the useful life of the tools is productive. Tool deterioration can cause damage, cracking and vibration to the tool, and even damage to the machine. Effective tool wear control is most important. Effective tool wear control is most important. At present, there are some tools that can obtain the necessary conditions through digital image processing, and study their lifespan according to their work cycle, as well as the types of possible relationships between the pixels of the image and the different modes of operation, allowing the extraction or isolation of the objects considered. This work analyzes the wear of the tool with the application of two-dimensional matrices with the toolbox of the MATLAB software, which allows to monitor the status of the inserts with the comparison of images in gray scales, in addition, a method of analysis based on interfaces is also being studied; through it, users can access the database that has been implemented, as well as a set of images used to verify the functions developed, determining the wear on the cutting tool.

Development and Evaluation of Local Area Network Based Archiving System

The goal of this study was to create the Local Area Network Based Archiving System, a cross-platform development system for electronic information storage, security, preservation, and retention. The system incorporates capabilities such as data storage for long-term preservation and retrieval, file searching and retrieval, security features such as user account information system and account access privilege levels, and an email-like messaging system. The researchers developed the Local Area Network Based Archiving System using the Agile Software Development Methodology to keep up with the stakeholders' ever-changing needs. After each iteration of the work cycle, this methodology employs a process of frequent feedback. Features are added or refined in each iteration to ensure that the study meets its goals and expectations. The developed system received an overall average weighted mean of 4.53 in the evaluation summary, which is considered excellent. The strongest point of the system, according to the respondents' responses, was its content, which received the highest average mean among the five major categories in the system evaluation. The system's mobile responsiveness was a huge plus, as it considerably aided accessibility. The system should also be deployed, according to the respondents, because it will provide a powerful answer to the ongoing challenges with storing, managing, securing, and retrieving electronic files. As a result, the researchers concluded that a Local Area Network Based Archiving System is required for the efficient operation of an electronic file storage system. Having centralized electronic file storage and retrieval system not only saves time and money in the long run but also allows for disaster recovery and business continuity.

Modeling the Influence of Engine Dynamics on Its Indicator Diagram

This article presents a proposal to describe the pressure changes in the combustion chamber of an engine as a function of the angle of rotation of the crankshaft, taking into account changes in rotational speed resulting from acceleration. The aim of the proposed model is to determine variable piston forces in simulation studies of torsional vibrations of a crankshaft with a vibration damper during the acceleration process. Its essence is the use of a Fourier series as a continuous function to describe pressure changes in one cycle of work. Such a solution is required due to the variable integration step during the simulation. It was proposed to determine the series coefficients on the basis of a Fourier transform of the averaged waveform of a discreet open indicator diagram, calculated for the registration of successive cycles. Recording of the indicative pressure waveforms and shaft angle sensor signals was carried out during tests on the chassis dynamometer. An analysis of the influence of the adopted number of series coefficients on the representation of signal energy was carried out. The model can also take into account the phenomenon of work cycle uniqueness by introducing random changes in the coefficients with magnitudes set on the basis of determined standard deviations for each coefficient of the series. An indispensable supplement to the model is a description of changes in the engine rotational speed, used as a control signal for the PID controller in the simulation of the load performed by the dynamometer. The accuracy of determining the instantaneous rotational speed was analyzed on the basis of signals from the crankshaft position angle sensor and the piston top dead center (TDC) sensor. Limitations resulting from the parameters of digital signal recording were defined.

Methodologies for geological-geotechnical characterization of rock masses: role of geomechanical classifications and indexes

The geological and geotechnical description and evaluation are fundamental in engineering projects and the extractive industry, emphasizing underground environments where the rock mass is subjected to high stresses. In excavating rock masses, the classification systems contribute to parameterizing the rock material and rock mass characteristics. In addition, it is essential to the definition of the support to be applied, which limits are often based on the value of the geomechanical classifications. Therefore, determining the characteristics demands structured techniques to reconcile rigour, accuracy, and efficiency in the execution of the site investigation to obtain reliable data in an integrated action of the work cycle. This study analyses the applicability and feasibility of the Geological Strenght Index (GSI), based on field data collected in different underground projects. Various geological environments and distinct excavation purposes were selected to evaluate the possibility of expanding this version of the GSI to other rock types with the inclusion of the influence of groundwater on this classification.

Energy efficiency of a hybrid cable yarding system: A case study in the North-Eastern Italian Alps under real working conditions

In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, low emission or zero-emission technologies have been applied to light and heavyduty vehicles by adopting electric propulsion systems and battery energy storage. Hybrid cable yarders and electrical slack-pulling carriages could represent an opportunity to increase the energy efficiency of forestry operations leading to lower impact timber harvesting and economic savings thanks to reduced fuel consumption. However, given the limited experience with hybrid-electric systems applied to cable yarding operations, these assumptions remain uncertain. This study assessed an uphill cable yarding operation using a hybrid cable yarder and an active slack-pulling electric power carriage over thirty working days. A total of 915 work cycles on four different cable lines were analysed. Longterm monitoring using Can-BUS data and direct field observations were used to evaluate the total energy efficiency, total energy efficiency (%), and fuel consumption per unit of timber extracted (L/m3). The use of the electric-hybrid system with a 700 V supercapacitor to store the recovered energy made it possible to reduce the running time of the engine by about 38% of the total working time. However, only 35% to 41% of the Diesel-based mechanical energy was consumed by the mainline and haulback winches. Indeed, the remaining energy was consumed by the other winches of the cable line system (skyline, strawline winches and carriage recharging or breaking during outhaul) or dissipated by the system (e.g., by the haulback blocks). With reference to all work cycles, the highest net energy consumption occurred during the inhaulunload work element with a maximum of 1.15 kWh, consuming 70% of total net energy consumption to complete a work cycle. In contrast, lower energy consumption was recorded for lateral skid and outhaul, recording a maximum of 23% and 32% of the total net energy consumption, respectively. The estimated recovered energy, on average between the four cable lines, was 2.56 kWh. Therefore, the reduced fuel need was assessed to be approximately 730 L of fuel in the 212.5 PMH15 of observation, for a total emissions reduction of 1907 kg CO2 eq, 2.08 kg CO2 eq for each work cycle.

Monitoring the Work Cycles of Earthmoving Excavators in Earthmoving Projects Using UAV Remote Sensing

Monitoring the work cycles of earthmoving excavators is an important aspect of construction productivity assessment. Currently, the most advanced method for the recognition of work cycles is the “Stretching-Bending” Sequential Pattern (SBSP), which is based on fixed-carrier video monitoring (FC-SBSP). However, the application of this method presupposes the availability of preconstructed installation carriers to act as a surveillance camera as well as installed and commissioned surveillance systems that work in tandem with them. Obviously, this method is difficult to apply to projects with no conditions for a monitoring camera installation or which have a short construction time. This highlights the potential application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing, which is flexible and mobile. Unfortunately, few studies have been conducted on the application of UAV remote sensing for the work cycle monitoring of earthmoving excavators. This research is necessary because the use of UAV remote sensing for monitoring the work cycles of earthmoving excavators can improve construction productivity and save time and costs, especially in post-disaster reconstruction projects involving harsh construction environments, and emergency projects with short construction periods. In addition, the challenges posed by UAV shaking may have to be taken into account when using the SBSP for UAV remote sensing. To this end, this study used application experiments in which stabilization processing of UAV video data was performed for UAV shaking. The application experimental results show that the work cycle performance of UAV remote-sensing-based SBSP (UAV-SBSP) for UAV video data was 2.45% and 5.36% lower in terms of precision and recall, respectively, without stabilization processing than after stabilization processing. Comparative experiments were also designed to investigate the applicability of the SBSP oriented toward UAV remote sensing. Comparative experimental results show that the same level of performance was obtained for the recognition of work cycles with the UAV-SBSP as compared with the FC-SBSP, demonstrating the good applicability of this method. Therefore, the results of this study show that UAV remote sensing enables effective monitoring of earthmoving excavator work cycles in construction sites where monitoring cameras are not available for installation, and it can be used as an alternative technology to fixed-carrier video monitoring for onsite proximity monitoring.

OTIMIZAÇÃO DE ROTAS DE AUTOMÓVEIS E ESCALAS PARA ATENDIMENTO DE HOME CARE

The Brazilian vehicle fleet has been growing year by year. This increase in the number of vehicles brings with it some problems, such as congestion and an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. In almost all urban centers, parking outside private establishments is a difficult task, and the time spent on commuting is increasingly high. As an alternative to reduce the number of vehicles in circulation, the sharing of vehicles, as a kind of ride between people who make similar journeys, is gaining ground in urban centers around the world. With an eye on the financial and environmental benefits offered by this alternative, some companies are beginning to adhere to its use, groupingprofessionals who follow similar paths in groups that use the same vehicle. This work aims to seek ways to optimize the route that this group of professionals takes in each work cycle, mitigating vehicle maintenance costs and reducing fuel costs, which consequently reduces pollutant gas emissions. For customers, this can offer greater punctuality in the provision of the service and greater availability of professionals' time. At the end of the work, it is expected that an application will be developed thatperforms the route calculation in the best possible way, allowing its users to have a better use of time when using it.

Circle Fish: Social-economic Locomotive of Perlis Village

ABSTRACT: This study aims to describe the exploitation of cerbung fish and its socio-economic consequences as a driver of the economy of the residents of Perlis Village, West Brandan District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. The method used to obtain data and information in this research is live-in with residents, while carrying out observations and interviews with informants in each stage of the cerbung fish production process as well as key informants. The results of the study show that the exploitation of cerbung fish has created a productive work cycle of ‘money printing' for many people so that this business can act as the economic locomotive of Perlis Village. Those involved as agents in this business are fishermen or fish catchers (men), women splitting and drying fish, boat and yard washers (fishing gear), ducklings, fish shovelers, canoe miners, and owners shop. ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengusahaan ikan cerbung dan akibat sosial-ekonominya sebagai penggerak perekonomian penduduk Desa Perlis, Kecamatan Brandan Barat, Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara. Metode yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi dalam penelitian ini adalah tinggal-bersama warga (live-in), sembari melaksanakan pengamatan (observation) dan wawancara (interview) dengan informan-pelaku di masing-masing tahap proses produksi ikan cerbung dan juga informan kunci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengusahaan ikan cerbung telah menimbulkan siklus kerja produktif ‘pencetak uang’ untuk banyak orang sehingga bisnis ini bisa berperan sebagai lokomotif ekonomi Desa Perlis. Mereka yang terlibat sebagai pelaku (agent) dalam usaha ini ialah nelayan atau penangkap ikan (laki-laki), perempuan pembelah dan penjemur ikan, tukang cuci boat dan pekarangan (alat tangkap), anak itik, tukang sorong ikan, penambang sampan, dan pemilik kedai.

Increasing Motivation among Language Learners through Individualized Assessment

An extensive body of research has shown that motivation is integral to successful and sustained language learning (Carreira, 2005; Cheng & Dornyei, 2007; Crookes & Schmidt, 1991; Dornyei, 1994; Ehrman, Leaver, & Oxford, 2003; Gardner, 2005; Matsumoto & Obana, 2001; Yang, 2008; Yu & Watkins, 2008). Maintaining student motivation in all aspects of language instruction, particularly assessment, can be challenging for multiple reasons, including learner differences, access to technology, and, most recently, reactions to pandemic learning. Instructors therefore face the challenge of creating assessments that not only evaluate students’ performance but also promote their ability and desire to learn. Based on the results of an action research project, this article highlights the benefits of two types of individualized assessment used to improve students’ motivation while evaluating their performance: work cycle projects and a course portfolio. Using qualitative data collected from student reflective statements, I argue, first, that the ability to choose assessment topics and types motivates students to focus closely on course content and work creatively; these choices ultimately improve their desire to learn course material more than traditional assessment types. Second, encouraging learners to utilize and reflect on their strengths using a portfolio as a form of assessment allows students to understand their strengths and weaknesses and empowers them as learners, thereby improving their motivation.