Energy usage is crucial social issue

In the current scenario of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), power consumption is the major issue associated with nodes in WSN. LEACH technique plays a vital role of clustering in WSN and reduces the energy usage effectively. But LEACH has its own limitation in order to search cluster head nodes which are randomly distributed over the network. In this paper, ERA-NFL- BA algorithm is being proposed for selects the cluster heads in WSN. This algorithm help in selection of cluster heads can freely transform from global search to local search. At the end, a comparison has been done with earlier researcher using protocol ERA-NFL, which clearly shown that proposed Algorithm is best suited and from comparison results that ERA-NFL-BA has given better performance.

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SOME TRENDS IN GRASSLAND FARMING IN EUROPE

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1977.39.1490 ◽

1977 ◽

pp. 5-19

Author(s):

R.W. Brougham

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Energy Usage ◽

Hill Country ◽

Wide Range

IN an assessment such as this, one could cover a wide range of topics fairly shallowly or a lesser number in a bit more depth. I have opted for the latter. The topics discussed will embrace some trends in dairying, beef farming, sheep farming, hill country farming, and land use generally, species and variety usage in grassland farming, use of crude protein produced from pasture, and some implications of energy usage.

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Developing Multi-Tier Network Design for Effective Energy Consumption of Cluster Head Selection in WSN

Scientific Research Journal ◽

10.24191/srj.v13i1.9386 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 116

Author(s):

Wan Isni Sofiah Wan Din ◽

Saadiah Yahya ◽

Mohd Nasir Taib ◽

Ahmad Ihsan Mohd Yassin ◽

Razulaimi Razali

Keyword(s):

Sensor Network ◽

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Cluster Head ◽

Residual Energy ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Cluster Head Selection ◽

Energy Usage ◽

Network Cluster ◽

Fuzzy Logic Approach ◽

The Stability

Clustering in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is one of the methods to minimize the energy usage of sensor network. The design of sensor network itself can prolong the lifetime of network. Cluster head in each cluster is an important part in clustering to ensure the lifetime of each sensor node can be preserved as it acts as an intermediary node between the other sensors. Sensor nodes have the limitation of its battery where the battery is impossible to be replaced once it has been deployed. Thus, this paper presents an improvement of clustering algorithm for two-tier network as we named it as Multi-Tier Algorithm (MAP). For the cluster head selection, fuzzy logic approach has been used which it can minimize the energy usage of sensor nodes hence maximize the network lifetime. MAP clustering approach used in this paper covers the average of 100Mx100M network and involves three parameters that worked together in order to select the cluster head which are residual energy, communication cost and centrality. It is concluded that, MAP dominant the lifetime of WSN compared to LEACH and SEP protocols. For the future work, the stability of this algorithm can be verified in detailed via different data and energy.

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On Major Conceptual Shifts within Research on Child Well-Being in Estonia

Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung / Discourse Journal of Childhood and Adolescence Research ◽

10.3224/diskurs.v15i2.05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2-2020) ◽

pp. 174-184

Author(s):

Dagmar Kutsar

Keyword(s):

Social Issue ◽

Child Poverty ◽

Well Being ◽

The Social ◽

Children And Childhood ◽

International Comparative

The aim of this paper is to highlight major shifts in research regarding children and childhood as a narrative of the author. It starts from presenting a retrospective of child poverty research in Estonia, and it is demonstrated how it has developed from the social and political acknowledgement of poverty as a social issue in the early 1990s. Then it revisits main shifts in theory and methodology of childhood research and reaches international comparative approaches to child subjective and relational well-being.

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GREEN refining technology

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si16692 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 508-514 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Craig Jensen ◽

David Love

Keyword(s):

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Step Change ◽

Energy Usage ◽

Capital Equipment ◽

Green Is ◽

Cooling Crystallization ◽

Sugar Refinery

The objective of this paper is to describe a “step-change” in refining technology being proposed by Tongaat Hulett. This patented technology is termed “GREEN” Refining Technology, where “GREEN” is an acronym for “Greatly Reduced Energy and Equipment Needs”. The name attempts to encapsulate the “environmentally friendly” benefits of reduced energy usage whilst also emphasising the major savings in both energy and capital equipment requirements of the technology. GREEN refining technology aims to substantially (and ultimately totally) replace evaporating crystallization with cooling crystallization in a sugar refinery.

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