Implicit assessment of emotional states: The implicit positive and negative affect test (IPANAT)

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Eulalia Santos ◽

Vanessa Ratten ◽

Ana Diogo ◽

Fernando Tavares

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Well Being ◽

Future Research ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Emotional States ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Content Type ◽

Two Factors

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly around the world and Portugal is no exception. Positive and negative effects are extremely important in individual's life experiences and in particular in the context of the quarantine, in which it is important to maintain the balance between favorable and unfavorable situations. The purpose of this paper is to study in depth the intensity of the affect during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal and to validate a scale of positive and negative affect in the context of quarantine and confinement. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used is of a quantitative nature, based on a questionnaire survey to measure the intensity of the affects and to analyze some sociodemographic variables. The sample consists of 726 individuals of age 18 years or older, who were in Portugal during the quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings The results show that respondents were concerned, anxious, well-disposed and impatient. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis applied to affects produced a latent structure with two factors: negative affect and positive affect. The affect scale has adequate convergent and discriminant validity and good internal consistency, with negative affect being experienced by individuals with greater intensity compared to positive affect. Originality/value It is hoped that this study contributes to an increase in the scientific knowledge in the field of the affects in the context of delicate situations such as the pandemic COVID-19 so that health professionals can intervene to improve individual’s well-being. This is an important way to provide better health policy that considers in more depth individual wellbeing and emotions during times of crisis. Limitations and suggestions for future research are also stated that highlight the importance of understanding emotional states of individuals during crisis events.

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PENGARUH EMPATI EMOSIONAL TERHADAP PERILAKU PROSOSIAL YANG DIMODERASI OLEH JENIS KELAMIN PADA MAHASISWA

Jurnal Psikologi TALENTA ◽

10.26858/talenta.v6i1.13115 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Irdianti Irdianti ◽

Sariana Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Prosocial Behavior ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Emotional States ◽

Emotional Empathy ◽

Men And Women ◽

Subject Design ◽

New Students

Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh empati emosional terhadap perilaku prososial yang dimoderasi oleh jenis kelamin pada mahasiswa baru psikologi UNM. Empati emosional didefinisikan sebagai dorongan secara otomatis dan tampa disadari untuk merespon keadaan emosi orang lain. Dan perilaku prososial diartikan sebagai tindakan dengan cara pemberian dua perlakuan berupa video yang membuat emosional individu meningkat ataupun netral dengan instrument untuk mengukur empati emosional dengan menggunakan Positive dan Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) yang dikembangkan oleh Watson, Clark &Tellegen (1988). Pengukuran prilaku prososial dilakukan dengan melihat jumlah donasi yang diberikan oleh responden. Responden penelitian berjumlah 32 mahasiswa yang terdiri dari laki-laki dan perempuan dengan kriteria mahsiswa baru psikologi UNM.Penelitian eksperimen ini menggunakan desain faktorial 2 (empati: netral vs empati) X 2 (jenis kelamin: laki-laki vs perempuan) between subject design. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang cukup signifikan antara empati emosional terhadap perilaku prososial, tapi pengaruh jenis kelamin sebagai moderator terhadap perilaku prososial tidak memiliki efek yang signifikan. Kata kunci: empati emosional, jenis kelamin, perilaku prososialAbstract: The research aims to determine the effect of emotional on prosocial behavior moderated by gender in new students of psychology UNM. Emotional empathy is defined as an impulse automatically and without being realized to respond to other people's emotional states. And prosocial behavior is defined as an act by giving two treatments in the form of a video which can increase someone’s empathy or neutral with an instrument to measure emotional empathy using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) developed by Watson, Clark & Tellegen (1988). The measurement of prosocial behavior is done by looking at the number of donations given by respondents. The research respondents numbered 32 students consisting of men and women with the criteria of new students in UNM psychology. This experimental research used factorial design 2 (empathy: neutral vs empathy) X 2 (sex: male vs. female) between-subject designs. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence between emotional empathy on prosocial behavior, but the effect of gender as a moderator on prosocial behavior does not have a significant effect.Keywords: Empathy, emotional empathy, gender, prosocial behavior

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The Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of Positive and Negative Affect

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000252 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 265-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mohsen Joshanloo ◽

Ali Bakhshi

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Factor Model ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Cultural Groups ◽

Invariance Testing ◽

The Usa ◽

Scalar Invariance ◽

Gender Groups

Abstract. This study investigated the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Mroczek and Kolarz’s scales of positive and negative affect in Iran (N = 2,391) and the USA (N = 2,154), and across gender groups. The two-factor model of affect was supported across the groups. The results of measurement invariance testing confirmed full metric and partial scalar invariance of the scales across cultural groups, and full metric and full scalar invariance across gender groups. The results of latent mean analysis revealed that Iranians scored lower on positive affect and higher on negative affect than Americans. The analyses also showed that American men scored significantly lower than American women on negative affect. The significance and implications of the results are discussed.

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