'Women Aren't in Combat!': The Disconnect Between Policy and Practice in the U.S. Military

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margie Serrato ◽  
Larisa Honey
Keyword(s):  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Historical Racist Violence and Intergenerational Harms: Accounts from Descendants of Lynching Victims

2021 ◽  
Vol 694 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-91
Author(s):  
Shytierra Gaston
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Violent Event ◽  
History Of ◽  
Racialized Violence ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The U.S

African Americans are disproportionately victimized by various forms of racialized violence. This long-standing reality is rooted in America’s history of racist violence, one manifestation being racial lynchings. This article investigates the long-term, intergenerational consequences of racial lynchings by centering the voices and experiences of victims’ families. The data comprise in-depth interviews with twenty-two descendants of twenty-two victims lynched between 1883 and 1972 in the U.S. South. I employed a multistage qualitative analysis, revealing three main domains of harmful impacts: psychological, familial, and economic. The findings underscore that racist violence has imposed harm beyond victims and for many decades and generations after the violent event. These long-term, intergenerational harms, especially if multiplied across countless incidents, can fundamentally impact the well-being of individuals, families, and communities as well as contribute to structural and macrolevel forces. Findings from this study have implications for research, policy, and practice, including efforts toward redress and reparations.

Educational Policy and Practice Contexts

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-66
Author(s):  
Misa Kayama ◽  
Wendy L. Haight ◽  
May-Lee Ku ◽  
Minhae Cho ◽  
Hee Yun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Culturally Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The U.S

Chapter 3 lays the groundwork for understanding how educators incorporate national special education policies into their local, culturally based practices. It examines national disability policies and services in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the U.S. Special education policies in all four nations have been influenced by the contemporary, international trend of inclusive education. Yet the ways in which policymakers and educators have responded to such international initiatives, which reinforce the individual rights of children with disabilities, vary cross-culturally. Such variation partly reflects culturally based differences in how the relative risks of disability labels and the benefits of specialized support are weighted, especially for these children whose functioning is at the border of “typical development” and “having disabilities.”

Moving Beyond Poverty: Effects of Low-Wage Work on Individual, Social, and Family Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Shook ◽  
Sara Goodkind ◽  
Rafael J. Engel ◽  
Sandra Wexler ◽  
Kess L. Ballentine
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Wage Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working Families ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Low Wage Work

Social work has long been committed to eliminating poverty, which is at the root of many of the social issues and challenges we address. Over 40% of the U.S. workforce makes less than $15/hour, and the accumulating evidence suggests this is not enough to meet basic needs. In this introduction to a special issue about low-wage work, we describe what is known regarding the experiences and well-being of low-wage workers, as well as promising policy and practice ideas to better support working families. We provide an overview of the included articles and conclude with encouragement for social workers to move beyond a narrow focus on poverty and more broadly consider the struggles and well-being of low-wage workers and their families.

Venture Philanthropy and Teacher Education Policy in the U.S.: The Role of the New Schools Venture Fund

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Zeichner ◽  
César Peña-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Current System ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Schools ◽  
Venture Philanthropy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The U.S

Background & Purpose This article focuses on the growing role of venture philanthropy in shaping policy and practice in teacher education in the United States. Our goal is to bring a greater level of transparency to private influences on public policy and to promote greater discussion and debate in the public arena about alternative solutions to current problems. In this article, we focus on the role of one of the most influential private groups in the United States that invests in education, the New Schools Venture Fund (NSVF), in promoting deregulation and market-based policies. Research Design We examine the changing role of philanthropy in education and the role of the NSVF in developing and promoting a bill in the U.S. Congress (the GREAT Act) that would create a system throughout the nation of charter teacher and principal preparation programs called academies. In assessing the wisdom of the GREAT Act, we examine the warrant for claims that education schools have failed in their mission to educate teachers well and the corresponding narrative that entrepreneurial programs emanating from the private sector are the solution. Conclusions We reject both the position that the status quo in teacher education is acceptable (a position held by what we term “defenders”) and the position that the current system needs to be “blown up” and replaced by a market economy (“reformers”). We suggest a third position (“transformers”) that we believe will strengthen the U.S. system of public teacher education and provide everyone's children with high-quality teachers. We conclude with a call for more trenchant dialogue about the policy options before us and for greater transparency about the ways that private interests are influencing public policy and practice in teacher education.

Workforce Development Policy: Unrealized Potential for Americans with Disabilities

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
P. Golden Thomas ◽  
M. Bruyère Susanne ◽  
Karpur Arun ◽  
Nazarov Zafar ◽  
Vanlooy Sara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Workforce Investment Act ◽  
Rehabilitation Act Of 1973 ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Individuals with disabilities have lower rates of workforce participation and lower earnings than their nondisabled peers. This article traces the history of the U.S. workforce development policy framework, including the Workforce Investment Act of 1998; the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended; and the impact of the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999 on both of these policies. Reviewing literature and administrative data, we discuss how these policies have impacted current rehabilitation practice and identify remaining service delivery gaps. We conclude with a set of recommendations for enhancing the current workforce development policy and practice environment.

Resolution 1106 (2168/18) (OAS), Precautionary Measure No. 731–18, & Precautionary Measure No. 505-18 (IACHR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-398
Author(s):  
Berta Esperanza Hernández-Truyol
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Precautionary Measure ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
White House ◽  
Executive Agencies ◽  
The U.S

In the spring of 2018, the White House and executive agencies issued a series of orders aimed at more aggressive enforcement against irregular entry of migrants at the southwest border. In analyzing the legal validity of the new U.S. immigration policy decisions, the Inter-American System questioned and strongly condemned the U.S. policy and practice of separating migrant families. On June 29, 2018, the Permanent Council of the Organization of American States (OAS) issued a resolution that rejected any migration policy that resulted in the separation of families. Specifically, it urged the U.S. government to implement measures to avoid the separation of families, to seek unification of children and parents already separated, and to promote the identification of migrants and refugee seekers in accordance with international law. After the issuance of the resolution, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) granted Precautionary Measure No. 731–18, Regarding Migrant Children Affected by the “Zero Tolerance” Policy Regarding the United States of America (the children's measure), and Precautionary Measure No. 505–18, Concerning Vilma Aracely López Juc de Coc and Others Regarding the United States of America (the parents’ measure), both of which recognized that the rights to family life and personal integrity were at risk.

Storytelling, Leadership, and the Law: Using Amicus Briefs to Understand the Impact of School District Policies and Practices Related to Transgender Student Inclusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Lewis ◽  
Suzanne E. Eckes
Keyword(s):  
Research Policy ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Leadership Communication ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Shared Experiences ◽  
Personal Stories ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Policies And Practices

Purpose: In 2017, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear a highly publicized case brought by a transgender student, G.G., who was denied access to the bathroom that corresponds with his gender identity. Ultimately, the Court never heard this case, but the documents submitted to the Court remain a part of the historical record, worthy of examination beyond their legal value. In this study, we analyze the first person accounts presented in the “friend of the court” (amicus) briefs to better understand the human impact of policies and practices related to transgender student inclusion. Method: This research utilizes legal research methods to bound the study design. We draw from legal storytelling, which originates in law, and narrative inquiry, which can be found in educational research. In doing so, we provide a synthesis of all amicus briefs submitted in the G.G. case that include personal, firsthand accounts, stories, and experiences. Findings: Overall, the personal stories highlight the implications of inclusive and noninclusive policies and practices. Where noninclusive policies were in place, individuals shared experiences of bullying, academic harm, medical concerns, and inconsistencies in implementation. On the other hand, inclusive policies were associated with confidence building and academic engagement, and a benefit to all students. Stories also reveal that common fears such as safety or privacy did not materialize in the experiences of individuals represented in the briefs. Implications: Informed by these stories, we present implications for research, policy, and practice. Stories reveal the importance of leadership, communication, and professional development.

scholarly journals Reexamining the Cost of Corporate Criminal Prosecutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 892-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Shareholder Wealth ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Criminal Convictions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Firm Responses ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Empirical Record

Agency theory foments the expectation that corporate criminal prosecutions mitigate crime by inducing firms to self-regulate. Whether this bears out in reality remains a topic of contentious debate. Although the U.S. government began prosecuting firms over a century ago, insufficient empirical evidence exists to determine how the costs of prosecutions actually affect firms. Moreover, the limited empirical record tells a surprising and somewhat confusing story. Scholars of management and related disciplines have consistently found that criminal convictions have negligible impacts on shareholder wealth despite theoretical expectations to the contrary. To explain these surprising findings and better understand how firms experience the costs of prosecutions, I apply agency theory to the criminal prosecution process and propose that each legally defined action in that process communicates unique information regarding potential and actual agency costs (i.e., sanctions). I also propose that formal convictions appear to elicit no reaction from principals because firm responses to early events in the prosecution process, what I call “conviction harbingers,” foretell unfavorable verdicts and sanctions well before courts make them official. Findings derived from a sample of 177 cases largely confirm my expectations by showing that prosecutions cause firm value to decline nearly 11%. In addition to exceeding previous estimates by a factor of three, this amount exceeds direct fines by a factor of five (i.e., shareholders lost more than $5 of wealth for each dollar of sanctions). I conclude by outlining implications of these findings for agency theory, corporate governance, policy, and practice.

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