Design Philanthropy: Challenges and Opportunities in the Evolution of Philanthropic Giving

Over the past several decades large philanthropies have adopted aggressive approaches to education reform that scholars have labeled venture philanthropy. These efforts focused on broad changes to schooling and education policy, borrowing techniques from the venture capital world. But many foundations have recently become convinced that market forces and macro-level policymaking alone cannot drive educational improvement, particularly in areas related to classroom teaching and learning. In response, foundations have begun to design their own instructional innovations and identify providers to implement them. This paper interprets these recent efforts as early evidence of a distinct adaptation in the evolving role of philanthropies, which we dub design philanthropy. Although this approach represents an attempt by foundations to simultaneously increase democratic engagement, directly influence the instructional core, and spur educational innovation, it poses new risks for coherence, scalability, and sustainability in education policymaking.

Impact Assessment in Not-for-Profit Organizations: The Case of a Foundation for the Development of the Territory

The paper describes the impact assessment method of new projects and investments in a foundation for the development of the territory based on a venture philanthropy approach. It compares the method identified with the main procedures included in the scientific literature. The paper highlights a qualitative case study carried out through three steps: (a) case study selection, (b) data collection, and (c) data analysis. Data were analyzed by three techniques: understanding the context, within-case study, and cross-case study. The result identifies an impact assessment method of new projects and investments used by a foundation for the development of the territory. It highlights a qualitative impact assessment method used for internal reporting purposes. This method is based on an ex-post evaluation with high feasibility, which allows for significant time saving. However, it does not allow for an in-depth cost analysis and presents low credibility. This assessment method can be used to justify contributions to projects and investments.

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Development of Venture Philanthropy in Ukraine in the Context of Strengthening of the Social Responsibility of Civil Society Organizations

The main aim of the article is to highlight the venture philanthropy in the context of strengthening the social responsibility of non-governmental organizations in countries that are at the initial stage of developing a culture of charity. Design/methodology/approach. In fulfilling the purpose of the study a set of general and special research methods were used (methods of analogy and comparison, induction and deduction, scientific abstraction (to clarify the conceptual apparatus of the problem under study, and to justify the benefits of venture philanthropy compared to the traditional approach to charity); logical generalization and systematization (to justify the use of crowdfunding approach for projects that have not passed the initial competitive selection in the social purpose organization), etc.). Research results. The article discusses the national Ukrainian features of the social responsibility of non-governmental organizations. It also highlights some existing approaches to the interpretation of the content of venture philanthropy and substantiates its main differences from the traditional approach to charity. The author explains that criticism of venture philanthropy is mainly caused by the lack of understanding of its content and the possibility of applying venture approaches in charity. The author also substantiates the importance of applying a venture approach to charity as one that helps to solve the root causes of existing problems in society. Given the initial stage of development of venture philanthropy in Ukraine, the author proposes to introduce it in combination with a crowdfunding approach. Such a mechanism will contribute not only to the faster introduction of venture philanthropy into domestic charity practice, but also to a significant increase in the social responsibility of NGOs and citizens involved in the processes. The elements of scientific novelty. The article substantiates the feasibility of using a venture approach to charity in comparison with the traditional approach. For the first time in Ukrainian practice, the peculiarities of the formation of venture philanthropy in Ukraine from a scientific point of view are studied and it is proposed to use its flexibility to improve the charity process and the development of philanthropy culture in Ukraine. This can be achieved through a combination of venture and crowdfunding approaches to charity. Practical significance. The main results of the study can be used as the basis for further scientific research devoted to the problems of the activities of NGOs, and will also be useful for decision-making process for development of the civil society policy in Ukraine creation.

A New Approach to Social Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

All social entrepreneurship experts state that the issue of definition is the main problem affecting research in this field. Although there is no single definition, this is clearly a new domain in the field of research on entrepreneurship. The main objective of this study is to further knowledge in this area by means of a systematic review of scientific literature to determine the conceptual development of social entrepreneurship and to identify the most interesting research trends. This study uses a research method, known as latent semantic analysis (LSA), which has been applied to a database of keywords collected from a rigorous selection of academic articles. The results show that this phenomenon has emerged from two parallel currents within the organization management field; on the one hand, the non-governmental organization (NGO) and voluntary tradition and, on the other, the world of business ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The main lines of future research highlighted in the analysis include the measurement of social impact, venture philanthropy, and hybrid organizations.