Effects of electronic cigarette heating coil resistance and liquid nicotine concentration on user nicotine delivery, heart rate, subjective effects, puff topography, and liquid consumption.

Objectives: Measurement of electronic cigarette (ECIG) puff topography provides an under- standing of how product characteristics and user behavior affect nicotine delivery. However, mouthpiece-based topography devices may affect natural puffing behavior. This study was designed to compare ECIG topography measured by mouthpiece-based eTop computerized de- vice and mouthpiece-free video recordings. Methods: ECIG-naïve cigarette smokers (N = 18) and ECIG-experienced users (N = 25) puffed on a standardized ECIG via eTop or conventionally; both sessions were videotaped. Following overnight abstinence, participants experienced one directed (10 puffs, 30 sec IPI) and 2 ad libitum puffing bouts. Heart rate and subjective response were measured throughout sessions. Results: No statistically significant differences between methods were observed for topography, heart rate, or abstinence-related subjective effects, and both methods were accurate and reliable. Use of a mouthpiece was perceived to alter aspects of ECIG puffing (eg, "reduce enjoyment). Conclusions: The mouthpiece-based eTop measures ECIG topography precisely as when no mouthpiece is used, and interferes minimally with subjective ECIG experience. Reliable and valid ECIG topography measurement methods are an important regulatory tool, as they can be used to understand the interplay between product design and user behavior to predict toxicant exposure.

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What factors reliably predict electronic cigarette nicotine delivery?

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055193 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055193 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Melissa D Blank ◽

Jennifer Pearson ◽

Caroline O Cobb ◽

Nicholas J Felicione ◽

Marzena M Hiler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nicotine Dependence ◽

Linear Models ◽

Power Level ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Electronic Cigarette ◽

Nicotine Concentration ◽

Nicotine Delivery ◽

Plasma Nicotine ◽

Product Regulation ◽

Before And After

BackgroundThe ability of an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) to deliver nicotine effectively may be dependent on features of the device, the liquid and the user. Some of these features have been examined in previous work (eg, liquid nicotine concentration and puff topography), while others have not (eg, nicotine dependence and demographic characteristics). The purpose of this secondary analysis is to examine such features as predictors of e-cigarette nicotine delivery using a relatively large sample.MethodsFour studies were combined in which e-cigarette-experienced users (n=63; 89% men; 75% white) and e-cigarette-naïve cigarette smokers (n=67; 66% men; 54% white) took 10 puffs from an eGo-style e-cigarette (~7.3 watts) filled with liquid that had a nicotine concentration of 18, 25 or 36 mg/mL. Thus, held constant across all studies were device features of battery/cartomiser style and power level and the topography parameters of puff number and interpuff interval. Blood was sampled before and after use, and puff topography was measured. Three general linear models were conducted to predict plasma nicotine concentrations (pre–post increase) for: (1) e-cigarette users only, (2) smokers only and (3) both groups combined. Predictor variables included puff duration, puff volume, liquid nicotine concentration, presession plasma nicotine concentration, nicotine dependence score (smokers only), gender and race.ResultsIn all models tested, longer puff durations and higher liquid nicotine concentrations were associated significantly with increased nicotine delivery (ps<0.05). For e-cigarette users only, higher presession nicotine concentration was associated significantly with increased nicotine delivery (p<0.05).ConclusionsPuff duration and liquid nicotine concentration may be among the more important factors to consider as regulators attempt to balance e-cigarette safety with efficacy. These findings should be interpreted in the context of devices with relatively low power output, a variable not studied here but likely also directly relevant to product regulation.

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Acute electronic cigarette use: nicotine delivery and subjective effects in regular users

Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1007/s00213-013-3249-8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 231 (2) ◽

pp. 401-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 139

Author(s):

Lynne Dawkins ◽

Olivia Corcoran

Keyword(s):

Subjective Effects ◽

Electronic Cigarette ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Nicotine Delivery

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Acute effects of JUUL and IQOS in cigarette smokers

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055475 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055475 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sarah Maloney ◽

Alisha Eversole ◽

Melanie Crabtree ◽

Eric Soule ◽

Thomas Eissenberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Laboratory Study ◽

Subjective Effects ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Subjective Experiences ◽

Cigarette Smokers ◽

Nicotine Concentration ◽

Nicotine Delivery ◽

Plasma Nicotine ◽

Ad Libitum

BackgroundJUUL is an electronic cigarette that aerosolises a nicotine-containing liquid, while IQOS heats tobacco to produce an aerosol. Both are marketed to smokers, but their effects have seldom been examined in this population.MethodsEighteen cigarette smokers (13 men) with no JUUL or IQOS experience completed a within-subject, laboratory study assessing nicotine delivery and subjective effects after controlled (10 puffs, ~30 s interpuff interval) and ad libitum (90 min) use of JUUL, IQOS or own-brand (OB) cigarettes.ResultsJUUL increased mean plasma nicotine concentration significantly from 2.2 (SD=0.7) ng/mL to 9.8 (4.9) ng/mL after 10 puffs and to 11.5 (9.3) ng/mL after ad libitum use. IQOS increased mean plasma nicotine significantly from 2.1 (0.2) ng/mL to 12.7 (6.2) ng/mL after 10 puffs and to 11.3 (8.0) ng/mL after ad libitum use. OB increased mean plasma nicotine significantly from 2.1 (0.2) ng/mL to 20.4 (11.4) ng/mL after 10 puffs and to 21.0 (10.2) ng/mL after ad libitum use. Mean OB plasma nicotine concentration was significantly higher than JUUL and IQOS. OB increased expired carbon monoxide concentration, but IQOS and JUUL did not. ‘Craving a cigarette/nicotine’ and ‘Urges to smoke’ were reduced significantly for all products following the directed bout.ConclusionsAmong smokers, JUUL and IQOS delivered less nicotine than cigarettes. Also, in this sample, IQOS and OB reduced abstinence symptoms more effectively than JUUL. Additional work with experienced JUUL and IQOS users is needed, as their nicotine delivery profiles and subjective experiences may differ.

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Understanding Factors That Influence Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Delivery Through PET Imaging of Beta-2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04258852 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Pet Imaging ◽

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽

Acetylcholine Receptors ◽

Electronic Cigarette ◽

Nicotinic Acetylcholine ◽

Nicotine Delivery ◽

Beta 2

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Triangulating abuse liability assessment for flavoured cigar products using physiological, behavioural economic and subjective assessments: a within-subjects clinical laboratory protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023850 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. e023850

Author(s):

Catherine S Wall ◽

Rose S Bono ◽

Rebecca C Lester ◽

Cosima Hoetger ◽

Thokozeni Lipato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Subjective Effects ◽

Latin Square ◽

Abuse Liability ◽

Smoke Inhalation ◽

Nicotine Concentration ◽

The Past ◽

The Usa ◽

Behavioural Economic ◽

Scientific Meetings

IntroductionIn the USA, Food and Drug Administration regulations prohibit the sale of flavoured cigarettes, with menthol being the exception. However, the manufacture, advertisement and sale of flavoured cigar products are permitted. Such flavourings influence positive perceptions of tobacco products and are linked to increased use. Flavourings may mask the taste of tobacco and enhance smoke inhalation, influencing toxicant exposure and abuse liability among novice tobacco users. Using clinical laboratory methods, this study investigates how flavour availability affects measures of abuse liability in young adult cigarette smokers. The specific aims are to evaluate the effect of cigar flavours on nicotine exposure, and behavioural and subjective measures of abuse liability.Methods and analysesParticipants (projected n=25) are healthy smokers of five or more cigarettes per day over the past 3 months, 18–25 years old, naive to cigar use (lifetime use of 50 or fewer cigar products and no more than 10 cigars smoked in the past 30 days) and without a desire to quit cigarette smoking in the next 30 days. Participants complete five laboratory sessions in a Latin square design with either their own brand cigarette or a session-specific Black & Mild cigar differing in flavour (apple, cream, original and wine). Participants are single-blinded to cigar flavours. Each session consists of two 10-puff smoking bouts (30 s interpuff interval) separated by 1 hour. Primary outcomes include saliva nicotine concentration, behavioural economic task performance and response to various questionnaire items assessing subjective effects predictive of abuse liability. Differences in outcomes across own brand cigarette and flavoured cigar conditions will be tested using linear mixed models.Ethics and disseminationThe Virginia Commonwealth University Institutional Review Board approved the study (VCU IRB: HM20007848). Dissemination channels for study findings include scientific journals, scientific meetings, and policy briefs.Trial registration numberNCT02937051.

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Electronic cigarette use intensity measurement challenges and regulatory implications

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056483 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056483

Author(s):

Eric Soule ◽

Maansi Bansal-Travers ◽

Rachel Grana ◽

Scott McIntosh ◽

Simani Price ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Use ◽

User Behavior ◽

Unintended Consequences ◽

Electronic Cigarette ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Intensity Measures ◽

Nicotine Concentration ◽

Regulatory Policies ◽

Answering Questions

Assessing tobacco use intensity allows researchers to examine tobacco use in greater detail than assessing ever or current use only. Tobacco use intensity measures have been developed that are specific to tobacco products, such as asking smokers to report number of cigarettes smoked per day. However, consensus on electronic cigarette use intensity measures that can be used for survey research has yet to be established due to electronic cigarette product and user behavior heterogeneity. While some survey measures that attempt to assess electronic cigarette use intensity exist, such as examining number of ‘times’ using an electronic cigarette per day, number of puffs taken from an electronic cigarette per day, volume of electronic cigarette liquid consumed per day, or nicotine concentration of electronic cigarette liquid, most measures have limitations. Challenges in electronic cigarette measurement often stem from variations across electronic cigarette device and liquid characteristics as well as the difficulty that many electronic cigarette users have regarding answering questions about their electronic cigarette device, liquid, or behavior. The inability for researchers to measure electronic cigarette use intensity accurately has important implications such as failing to detect unintended consequences of regulatory policies. Development of electronic cigarette use intensity measures, though not without its challenges, can improve understanding of electronic cigarette use behaviors and associated health outcomes and inform development of regulatory policies.

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