Core self-evaluations and Snyder’s hope theory in persons with spinal cord injuries.

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Miller Smedema ◽  
Jacob Yuichung Chan ◽  
Brian N. Phillips
2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Yui Chung Chan ◽  
Fong Chan ◽  
Nicole Ditchman ◽  
Brian Phillips ◽  
Chih-Chin Chou

Objective: To evaluate Snyder’s (2002) hope theory as a motivational model of community participation and life satisfaction.Design: Quantitative descriptive design using path analysis.Setting: Manitoba chapter of the Canadian Paraplegic Association.Participants: One-hundred and sixteen participants with spinal cord injuries who were members of the Manitoba chapter of the Canadian Paraplegic Association.Results: The respecified path-analytic hope model of participation and life satisfaction fits the data reasonably well, with χ2/df = 2.58; GFI = .95; and CFI = .95. Participation—with indirect effects of causality, perceived control, resilience, agency thinking, and pathways thinking—explained 32% of the variance in life satisfaction. Causality and agency thinking—with indirect effects of perceived control, resilience, and pathways thinking—explained 40% of the variance in participation.Conclusion: Synder’s hope theory as a motivational model of participation and life satisfaction was validated with minor modifications to the model. The respecified model indicated that causality had a direct effect on participation; pathways thinking had a direct link to agency thinking; and pathways thinking only had an indirect effect on participation through agency thinking.


2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Richard T. Katz

Abstract This article addresses some criticisms of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) by comparing previously published outcome data from a group of complete spinal cord injury (SCI) persons with impairment ratings for a corresponding level of injury calculated using the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition. Results of the comparison show that impairment ratings using the sixth edition scale poorly with the level of impairments of activities of daily living (ADL) in SCI patients as assessed by the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor scale and the extended FIM motor scale. Because of the combinations of multiple impairments, the AMA Guides potentially overrates the impairment of paraplegics compared with that of quadriplegics. The use and applicability of the Combined Values formula should be further investigated, and complete loss of function of two upper extremities seems consistent with levels of quadriplegia using the SCI model. Some aspects of the AMA Guides contain inconsistencies. The concept of diminishing impairment values is not easily translated between specific losses of function per organ system and “overall” loss of ADLs involving multiple organ systems, and the notion of “catastrophic thresholds” involving multiple organ systems may support the understanding that variations in rating may exist in higher rating cases such as those that involve an SCI.


2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Robert H. Haralson

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, was published in November 2000 and contains major changes from its predecessor. In the Fourth Edition, all musculoskeletal evaluation and rating was described in a single chapter. In the Fifth Edition, this information has been divided into three separate chapters: Upper Extremity (13), Lower Extremity (14), and Spine (15). This article discusses changes in the spine chapter. The Models for rating spinal impairment now are called Methods. The AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, has reverted to standard terminology for spinal regions in the Diagnosis-related estimates (DRE) Method, and both it and the Range of Motion (ROM) Method now reference cervical, thoracic, and lumbar. Also, the language requiring the use of the DRE, rather than the ROM Method has been strengthened. The biggest change in the DRE Method is that evaluation should include the treatment results. Unfortunately, the Fourth Edition's philosophy regarding when and how to rate impairment using the DRE Model led to a number of problems, including the same rating of all patients with radiculopathy despite some true differences in outcomes. The term differentiator was abandoned and replaced with clinical findings. Significant changes were made in evaluation of patients with spinal cord injuries, and evaluators should become familiar with these and other changes in the Fifth Edition.


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