State Functions of Nostalgia Scale

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica G. Hepper ◽  
Timothy D. Ritchie ◽  
Constantine Sedikides ◽  
Tim Wildschut
Keyword(s):  
State Functions

scholarly journals Restructuring the State: Policy Transition of Construction Land Supply in Urban and Rural China

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Renhao Yang ◽  
Qingyuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Rural China ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Central State ◽  
Land Supply ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
State Functions

Encountering the articulation of the strongness of local authorities and market forces in China’s development, attention has been paid to the changing central state which recentralised the regulation capability of localities which has more discretional power on resources utilisation, land for example, in the post-reform era. Yet it is still not clear-cut what drives the state rescaling in terms of land governance and by what ways. After dissecting the evolving policies and practices of construction land supply in China with the focus on the roles of state, we draw two main conclusions. First, the policy trajectory of construction land supply entails a complicated reconfiguration of state functions, which is driven by three interwoven relations: land–capital relation, peasant–state relation and rural–urban relation. Second, state rescaling in terms of the governance of construction land provision works via four important approaches: limited decentralism, horizontal integralism, local experimentalism and political mobilisationism. By reviewing the institutional arrangements of construction land provision and the state rescaling process behind them, this article offers a nuanced perspective to the state (re)building that goes beyond the simplified (vertical or horizontal) transition of state functions.

A New Methodology for the Reliability Based Particle Swarm Optimization with Simulated Annealing

2011 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norelislam Elhami ◽  
Rachid Ellaia ◽  
Mhamed Itmi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Simulated Annealing ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Rectangular Plates ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Reliability Methods ◽  
State Functions

This paper presents a new methodology for the Reliability Based Particle Swarm Optimization with Simulated Annealing. The reliability analysis procedure couple traditional and modified first and second order reliability methods, in rectangular plates modelled by an Assumed Modes approach. Both reliability methods are applicable to the implicit limit state functions through numerical models, like those based on the Assumed Mode Method. For traditional reliability approaches, the algorithms FORM and SORM use a Newton-Raphson procedure for estimate design point. In modified approaches, the algorithms are based on heuristic optimization methods such as Particle Swarm Optimization and Simulated Annealing Optimization. Numerical applications in static, dynamic and stability problems are used to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of proposed methodology. These examples consist in a rectangular plates subjected to in-plane external loads, material and geometrical parameters which are considered as random variables. The results show that the predicted reliability levels are accurate to evaluate simultaneously various implicit limit state functions with respect to static, dynamic and stability criterions.

Building States to Build Peace? A Critical Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T. Call
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
International Peace ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Post War ◽  
External Actors ◽  
State Functions

Agencies throughout the development, humanitarian, political and defence fields have recently endorsed the centrality of state institutions in post-war peacebuilding. But how can external actors go about peacebuilding in a way that reinforces effective and legitimate states without doing harm? Drawing on an International Peace Institute project, this article calls into question the assumption that peacebuilding can be boiled down to building state institutions. The article argues that the process of building states can actually undermine peace, postulating five tensions between peacebuilding and statebuilding even as it asserts that strong state institutions remain crucial for consolidating peace. Identifying three crucial state functions for peacebuilding, the article emphasises the complex interrelationships among legitimacy, state capacity and security in post-conflict societies.

ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS OF STATE FUNCTIONS AT THE PRESENT STAGE: DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN THE APPROACH TO THE CONCEPT AND VARIETIES AT THE LEGAL REGULATORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
ROMAN ZELEPUKIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
The State ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Logical Connection ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
Continuous Activities ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control ◽  
State Functions

In this article the author analyses the development of administrative regulations in the system of modern public administration. The state of administrative regulations and their institutionalisation as a result of the administrative reform is noted. It has been identified and found that there has now been a change in the approach to the delineation of the administrative regulations of the executive authorities - before 2018, administrative regulations were divided into service regulations and function regulations, where service regulations are related to requests by private persons to the state represented by its bodies and officials - and function regulations are related to the implementation of continuous activities to perform assigned powers and exercise the established competence, after 2018, administrative regulations are divided into service regulations and control (supervision) regulations. According to the author, the established approach has allowed the above varieties of regulations to be merged into such a group of types of administrative regulations as administrative regulations for the implementation of state functions. Also the author concludes that it is necessary to adopt a special legislative act systemising the functions of the executive authorities and the administrative procedures they carry out in a single logical connection.

scholarly journals Open shell electronic state calculations on quantum computers: A quantum circuit for the preparation of configuration state functions based on Serber construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 100002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Sugisaki ◽  
Satoru Yamamoto ◽  
Shigeaki Nakazawa ◽  
Kazuo Toyota ◽  
Kazunobu Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic State ◽  
Quantum Circuit ◽  
Open Shell ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
State Functions

State Functions for Many Electron Atoms: Eigenfunctions of L2 and S2 for One Open Shell Configurations

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (17) ◽  
pp. 1672-1675
Author(s):  
Jacek Karwowski ◽  
Serafin Fraga
Keyword(s):  
Open Shell ◽  
New Formalism ◽  
State Functions

The construction of eigenfunctions of L2 and S2 using a new formalism, that represents an alternative to the Racah genealogical scheme, is discussed. The corresponding functions have been tabulated for all the states arising from pN, dN, and fN configurations; this tabulation, not presented here because of space restrictions, is available as indicated in the text.

scholarly journals Functions of the state: concepts, classifications, scientific interpretations

1970 ◽  
pp. 406-410
Author(s):  
Marharyta Butsan
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cultural Functions ◽  
State Functions

In the article the concept of state functions, realizing which the state carries out a targeted management impact on various spheres of a public life. They show that the government should do to achieve and implement the goals and tasks that lie before him in a certain historical period. Purposes of the functions of the state are the results that must be obtained in implementing the functions, goals can be immediate, intermediate, ultimate. On one stage of historical development, priority may be given to economic, the other political or socio-cultural functions, the third function of defense, etc. At the beginning of its inception, the state played a very small list of functions. The contents of most of them was of a pronounced class character. The functions manifest national characteristics of the country, because the state is obliged to provide the geopolitical interests of the ethnic group, to support the development of national culture, language, and the like. The contents and the list of functions to a large extent depend on the nature of the state, its social purpose in public life. The main duty of the state to maintain a level of social organization that would ensure not only the preservation of the integrity and prosperity of society as a whole, but also the needs of individuals. The article studies scientific approaches with respect to interpretation of the concept of functions, given the existing classification of state functions: the areas of activities of the state, duration and the like. The analysis of existing functions in Ukraine. The human rights function is currently the most relevant. Advocacy function has the expression in activities that are aimed at protecting the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, the rule of law and the rule of law in all spheres of public and political life. The peculiarities of exercise of the functions of the state are divided into legal and organizational. The legal form is a homogenous activity of state bodies related to the adoption of legal acts. Organizational form is a homogenous activity of the state aimed at creating organizational conditions to ensure functions of the state. In Ukraine there are three main forms of implementation of the activities of the state depending on types of activities: legislative, Executive, judicial. The basis for this separation is the provision of the Constitution of Ukraine, which is highlighted in these branches of government. In the implementation of all main functions of the state are actively involved all types of public power in Ukraine.

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