The Earth before History: Man's Origin and the Origin of Life. Prehistoric Man: a General Outline of Prehistory. Social Organisation. Language: a Linguistic Introduction to History. History and Literature of Christianity from Tertullian to Boethius. The Threshold of the Pacific: an Account of the Social Organisation, Magic and Religion of the People of San Cristoval in the Solomon Islands. The History of Civilisation Series

Nature ◽  
1925 ◽  
Vol 116 (2906) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
B. MALINOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
General Outline ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The People ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Origin Of Life

scholarly journals ETHNOS AS A CULTURAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL PHENOMENON

2017 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
V. Getman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Information Materials

Biosphere and ethnic unity is the main factor of life existence on the Earth. Life process of any nation should harmonize with general evolutionary biosphere development. Otherwise it will be thrown away over the board by centrifugal force. Ethnic interaction with natural environment is noticed mainly on the village level and encloses not only industrial but spiritual sphere. The mentality of the Ukrainian ethnos has been forming on the base of countryside affection. Loss of this affection is an equivalent to the loss of identity of native population that has lived on the territory of modern Ukraine from the immemorial times. The diversity and resilience of natural ecosystems (picturesque nature) determine their performance and viability of the social system entities providing efficiency of labor and intellectual potential of people. Ultimately, all this provokes an energy charge, passionarity (by L.N. Gumilev), strength of national character. On the cultural position, we note that since Tripoli culture (Aratta), Russ (Kyiv) state, Hetmanshyny, Ukrainian land receives and stores still positive information (materials of archaeological excavations chronicle evidence, etc.) of people who vitally concerned about the social organization of the state, care for its unity, greatness and power among the people and countries of the Ecumene during that times. Since then our land has been infected with passion to create a state, the idea of fighting for independence and Ukrainian unity. The strength of feeling of homeland, highly emotional relationship to your native land, your native home, all that is known and is area of interest of the local geography. It has an important place in system of human values. If the fate of the Earth is the lot of human than environment starts flourishing, otherwise there will be loss of control over the natural environment and the disappearance of nation (ethnicity), as evidenced by numerous examples from the long history of entire nations and even civilizations. The strength of the Earth in its spiritual energy. Black arable of an autumn field, as a prototype of our bitter past, gives nutritious juice to spring’s green shoots. Spirit of the land is in black bread, which we consume, in breast milk, in the character of a young child, in the wisdom and will of the new generation of Ukraine!

The Tempo and mode(S) of Prebiotic Evolution

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lazcano
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
The Origin Of Life

AbstractDifferent current ideas on the origin of life are critically examined. Comparison of the now fashionable FeS/H2S pyrite-based autotrophic theory of the origin of life with the heterotrophic viewpoint suggest that the later is still the most fertile explanation for the emergence of life. However, the theory of chemical evolution and heterotrophic origins of life requires major updating, which should include the abandonment of the idea that the appearance of life was a slow process involving billions of years. Stability of organic compounds and the genetics of bacteria suggest that the origin and early diversification of life took place in a time period of the order of 10 million years. Current evidence suggest that the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds may be a widespread phenomenon in the Galaxy and may have a deterministic nature. However, the history of the biosphere does not exhibits any obvious trend towards greater complexity or «higher» forms of life. Therefore, the role of contingency in biological evolution should not be understimated in the discussions of the possibilities of life in the Universe.

George Hoggart Toulmin: politics and geology

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-481
Author(s):  
ROY PORTER
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Christian View ◽  
The Social ◽  
French Enlightenment ◽  
Political Conservatism ◽  
History Of

The physician George Hoggart Toulmin (1754–1817) propounded his theory of the Earth in a number of works beginning with The antiquity and duration of the world (1780) and ending with his The eternity of the universe (1789). It bore many resemblances to James Hutton's "Theory of the Earth" (1788) in stressing the uniformity of Nature, the gradual destruction and recreation of the continents and the unfathomable age of the Earth. In Toulmin's view, the progress of the proper theory of the Earth and of political advancement were inseparable from each other. For he analysed the commonly accepted geological ideas of his day (which postulated that the Earth had been created at no great distance of time by God; that God had intervened in Earth history on occasions like the Deluge to punish man; and that all Nature had been fabricated by God to serve man) and argued they were symptomatic of a society trapped in ignorance and superstition, and held down by priestcraft and political tyranny. In this respect he shared the outlook of the more radical figures of the French Enlightenment such as Helvétius and the Baron d'Holbach. He believed that the advance of freedom and knowledge would bring about improved understanding of the history and nature of the Earth, as a consequence of which Man would better understand the terms of his own existence, and learn to live in peace, harmony and civilization. Yet Toulmin's hopes were tempered by his naturalistic view of the history of the Earth and of Man. For Time destroyed everything — continents and civilizations. The fundamental law of things was cyclicality not progress. This latent political conservatism and pessimism became explicit in Toulmin's volume of verse, Illustration of affection, published posthumously in 1819. In those poems he signalled his disapproval of the French Revolution and of Napoleonic imperialism. He now argued that all was for the best in the social order, and he abandoned his own earlier atheistic religious radicalism, now subscribing to a more Christian view of God. Toulmin's earlier geological views had run into considerable opposition from orthodox religious elements. They were largely ignored by the geological community in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Britain, but were revived and reprinted by lower class radicals such as Richard Carlile. This paper is to be published in the American journal, The Journal for the History of Ideas in 1978 (in press).

scholarly journals Some aspects of the history and population ecology of the tsessebe damaliscus lunatus lunatus in the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C.J. Joubert ◽  
P.J.L. Bronkhorst
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Population Ecology ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The population trends and distribution of the tsessebe population of the Kruger National Park are evaluated in terms of the available data derived from records compiled in the developmental history of the Kruger National Park (KNP). The recent numerical status of the population is also given. A description of the habitats favoured by tsessebe in the KNP is presented as well as an analysis of the age structure and sex-ratio of the population. Aspects of the social organisation of tsessebe affecting the interpretation of the age structure and sex-ratio phenomena of the population, are also discussed.

Community and Social Organisation

1999 ◽  
pp. 157-184
Author(s):  
Diane Frost
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Economic History ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Community Organisation ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal And External Factors

‘Community and Social Organisation’ is the last chapter in ‘The Kru Community in Freetown’, and provides an understanding of the social and economic history of the Kru in Freetown, and the respective internal and external factors that shaped it. The chapter focuses on community organisation amongst the Kru, rather than political organisation, which was shaped largely by forces outside the Kru’s social control.

General discussion after session V

1988 ◽  
Vol 325 (1587) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Emergence Of Life

N. C. Wickramasinghe ( Department of Applied Mathematics and Astronomy, University College, Cardiff, U. K. ). The question of the origin of life is, of course, one of the most important scientific questions and it is also one of the most difficult. One is inevitably faced here with a situation where there are very few empirical facts of direct relevance and perhaps no facts relating to the actual transition from organic material to material that can even remotely be described as living. The time perspective of events that relate to this problem has already been presented by Dr Chang. Uncertainty still persists as to the actual first moment of the origin or the emergence of life on the Earth. At some time between 3800 and 3300 Ma BP the first microscopic living systems seem to have emerged. There is a definite moment in time corresponding to a sudden appearance of cellular-type living systems. Now, traditionally the evolution of carbonaceous compounds which led to the emergence of life on Earth could be divided into three principal steps and I shall just remind you what those steps are. The first step is the production of chemical building blocks that lead to the origin of the organic molecules necessary as a prerequisite for the evolution of life. Step two can be described in general terms as prebiotic evolution, the arrangement of these chemical units into some kind of sequence of precursor systems that come almost up to life but not quite; and then stage three is the early biological evolution which actually effects the transition from proto-cellular organic-type forms into truly cellular living systems. The transition is from organic chemistry, prebiotic chemistry to biochemistry. Those are the three principal stages that have been defined by traditional workers in the field, the people who, as Dr Chang said, have had the courage to make these queries and attempt to answer them. Ever since the classic experiments where organic materials were synthesized in the laboratory a few decades back, it was thought that the first step, the production of organic chemical units, is important for the origin of life on the Earth, and that this had to take place in some location on the Earth itself.

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