Desiccation and Ventilatory Control of Water Loss in Locusta migratoria migratorioides R. and F.

Nature ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 214 (5093) ◽  
pp. 1143-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. LOVERIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Ventilatory Control ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides

The Control of Water Loss in Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides R. & F

1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
J. P. LOVERIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Ventilatory Rate ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
Control Water

1. The rate of total transpiratory water loss from Locusta is proportional to weight and is not affected by activity within the limits possible in an enclosed box. 2. A trend for proportionately less water to be lost at low humidity than at high humidity probably involves active measures to control water loss from the tracheal system. The saving of water is 5 mg./locust/hr. at 0° R.H., 30° C. 3. Experiments involving exposure of locusts to CO2 of different concentrations show that little control over water loss is exerted by the spiracles except in so far as they may influence the type of ventilation. Hyperventilation, predominantly of the tidal type, doubles normal water loss. 4. Between 42 and 45° C. the ventilatory rate increases enormously with con-comitantly greater water loss. 5. Locusts pre-treated in dry air show a 23% reduction in abdominal ventilatory rate and a 25% reduction in water loss over locusts pre-treated in moist air. 6. Ventilatory movements of locusts under conditions of progressive desiccation show decreased rate and amplitude and an increased incidence of discontinuities, which will conserve water. 7. Ventilation and water loss are closely interdependent. The fact that ventilation can be controlled according to water reserves and the humidity of the air is important in water conservation.

The Control of Water Loss in Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides R. & F

1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
J. P. LOVERIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Lipid Monolayer ◽  
Permeability Change ◽  
Saturation Deficit ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Apparent Decrease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anomalous Relationship

1. The rate of water loss from the cuticle of Locusta is proportional to weight. 2. The rate of water loss from the cuticle at 30° C., 0% R.H. is 5.63±0.67 mg./ locust/hr., giving a permeability of 0.022 mg./cm.2/mm. Hg/hr. 3. The transition temperature at 46-48° C. is similar to that of Schistocerca (Beament, 1959) and probably indicates the existence of an oriented lipid monolayer in the epicuticle. 4. At relative humidities of 0-50 % the rate of water loss from whole locusts decreases with time. This phenomenon, which does not occur at 75%R.H., is partly due to the loss of adsorbed hydroscopic water during the initial period. A continuing apparent decrease in transpiration is shown to be a true permeability change. 5. The relationship between saturation deficit and rate of water loss at 30° C. is curvilinear, falling away at high saturation deficits. This results in a saving of water amounting to 1.5-2.5 mg./locust/hr. at 25 % R.H. and 2.7-4.0 mg./locust/hr. at 0% R.H. and will be biologically significant if not an artifact. 6. The anomalous relationship between saturation deficit and rate of water loss is caused by the permeability change occurring at low R.H. Three theories which may account for these phenomena are discussed.

scholarly journals SURVIVAL OF MIGRATORY LOCUST AT DIFFERENT KEEPING CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Gerus ◽  
◽  
Y.S. Tokarev ◽  
G.R. Lednev ◽  
M.B. Levchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Gregarious Locusts

In this article we studied the conditions for keeping two species of gregarious locusts: the African migratory locust (Locusta migratoria migratorioides) and the Asian migratory locust (Locusta migratoria migratoria) in open and shaded areas. Based on the data obtained, it is shown that the survival rate of insects of the non-diapausal subspecies was higher in comparison with the obligate monovoltine.

Some Temperature Responses of Nymphs of Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides (R. & F.), with Special Reference to Aggregation

1955 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-139
Author(s):  
R. F. CHAPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Temperature Responses ◽  
Definite Temperature ◽  
Linear Manner

1. The results of experiments in a temperature gradient showed a definite temperature ‘preference’ on the part of hoppers (nymphs) of all stages. This ‘preference’ was constant from instar to instar but varied with the preconditioning temperature. 2. The rate of movement of first-instar hoppers was shown to increase in a linear manner with temperature up to 25° C., above which the rate fell off. It is suggested that these are quantitative data supporting Kennedy's (1939) remarks on negative thermokinesis. 3. Experiments in 12 l. cages showed that group formation depends on a patchy temperature field rather than on any particular temperature, and that environmental conditions are more important than mutual responses of the hoppers. Hoppers less than 3 days old, as well as older ones, formed groups under the conditions of patchy temperature. 4. The experiments suggested that surface temperatures are more important than air or body temperatures in the initial formation of groups. 5. Basking groups induced by local radiant heat in a large cage did not differ in form from the groups in the 12 l. cages formed in the absence of radiant heat. 6. Surface texture was shown to be unimportant in group formation, hoppers always collecting on the hotter surface even when temperature differences were of the order of only 1° C. 7. The groups were shown to be in a very dynamic state, with hoppers continually coming and going. The average time spent in a group by any one hopper was 6 min. 46 sec. 8. Formation of basking groups in the field depends on the physiological state of the hoppers, rather than on any definite temperature.

A Physiological Interpretation of the Marching of Hoppers of the African Migratory Locust (Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides R. & F.)

1954 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
PEGGY E. ELLIS ◽  
G. HOYLE
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Blood Potassium

1. Hoppers of the locust Locusta migratoria migratorioides R. & F., which have been reared crowded, exhibit characteristic marching behaviour in the laboratory in foodless cages under standard conditions. 2. The rate of attainment of maximum marching by a given group of hoppers is greatest following a short period of starvation immediately preceding transfer to these conditions. 3. A meal of filter-paper soaked in sugar solution only, exerts no retarding effect on the rate of attainment of full marching, whilst if an adequate concentration of potassium salt is added in addition a definite retardation is observed. 4. In locusts actively feeding on grass the potassium content of the blood is relatively high, and it is suggested that this causes a reduced muscular efficiency which may explain retardation in attainment of full marching. 5. The marching pattern is the result of the activity of particular nerve centres which require a period of activation by a combination of factors before full expression is achieved. Two final factors are essential for the maintenance of the marching state, a low concentration of blood potassium and mutual stimulation by other marching hoppers.

A Method of Marking Isolated Adult Locusts in Large Numbers as an Aid to the Study of their Seasonal Migrations

1956 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Dense Vegetation ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Seasonal Migrations ◽  
Small Hand ◽  
Light Oil ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
High Winds ◽  
Spray Gun

A method of marking adult locusts, particularly useful when numbers are low and hand marking would be difficult, is described. It involves the use of a small hand spray gun from which a jet of paint can be directed at the locusts in spurts at ranges up to about 15 ft. The paints tested consisted of suspensions of pigments in light oil.The paints are of low toxicity and the marks remain visible for many weeks. By the use of this method far more locusts can be marked in a given time than could be marked by hand. The efficiency of the method is reduced by high winds and dense vegetation, and it is more costly than hand marking. Most of the marked locusts cannot be recognised as such without being captured.Some results obtained with this method in the French Sudan are given. In two months more than 50,000 locusts, Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. & F.), were marked with a red paint; four were recovered 60 kilometres or more from the area in which they were marked, and the paint was clearly visible after five weeks.Ways of improving the technique, and other possible methods of marking, are discussed.

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