The Control of Water Loss in Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides R. & F

1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
J. P. LOVERIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Lipid Monolayer ◽  
Permeability Change ◽  
Saturation Deficit ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Apparent Decrease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anomalous Relationship

1. The rate of water loss from the cuticle of Locusta is proportional to weight. 2. The rate of water loss from the cuticle at 30° C., 0% R.H. is 5.63±0.67 mg./ locust/hr., giving a permeability of 0.022 mg./cm.2/mm. Hg/hr. 3. The transition temperature at 46-48° C. is similar to that of Schistocerca (Beament, 1959) and probably indicates the existence of an oriented lipid monolayer in the epicuticle. 4. At relative humidities of 0-50 % the rate of water loss from whole locusts decreases with time. This phenomenon, which does not occur at 75%R.H., is partly due to the loss of adsorbed hydroscopic water during the initial period. A continuing apparent decrease in transpiration is shown to be a true permeability change. 5. The relationship between saturation deficit and rate of water loss at 30° C. is curvilinear, falling away at high saturation deficits. This results in a saving of water amounting to 1.5-2.5 mg./locust/hr. at 25 % R.H. and 2.7-4.0 mg./locust/hr. at 0% R.H. and will be biologically significant if not an artifact. 6. The anomalous relationship between saturation deficit and rate of water loss is caused by the permeability change occurring at low R.H. Three theories which may account for these phenomena are discussed.

Changes in the Fat and Protein Content of the African Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. & F.)

1952 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Cheu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Rate Of Increase

The process of build-up of reserve substances in Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. & F.) is very closely correlated with the feeding activity of the insect. Locusts attain their maximum body weight in the initial period before maturation. In the females there is one minor build-up period after each laying.As measured by the weight of faeces produced, the gregaria female consumes more food than the solitaria during development. It also has a lower rate of increase in body weight, maturation and oviposition.Locusts start to build up fat soon after the final ecdysis. The fat content reaches its maximum in the early part of adult life, and then begins to decline in both sexes of both phases.By far the greater part of the fat reserve thus built up in the gregaria female is used up before oviposition, and only a small amount goes to the making of the first egg-pod. The fat of the subsequent egg-pods (of both phases) is derived from the fat built up each time after a new egg-pod is laid.The solitaria females may mature their eggs at various stages in the development of the fat body. Those which have a longer pre-maturation period have a higher fat content.

The Control of Water Loss in Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides R. & F

1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
J. P. LOVERIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Ventilatory Rate ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
Control Water

1. The rate of total transpiratory water loss from Locusta is proportional to weight and is not affected by activity within the limits possible in an enclosed box. 2. A trend for proportionately less water to be lost at low humidity than at high humidity probably involves active measures to control water loss from the tracheal system. The saving of water is 5 mg./locust/hr. at 0° R.H., 30° C. 3. Experiments involving exposure of locusts to CO2 of different concentrations show that little control over water loss is exerted by the spiracles except in so far as they may influence the type of ventilation. Hyperventilation, predominantly of the tidal type, doubles normal water loss. 4. Between 42 and 45° C. the ventilatory rate increases enormously with con-comitantly greater water loss. 5. Locusts pre-treated in dry air show a 23% reduction in abdominal ventilatory rate and a 25% reduction in water loss over locusts pre-treated in moist air. 6. Ventilatory movements of locusts under conditions of progressive desiccation show decreased rate and amplitude and an increased incidence of discontinuities, which will conserve water. 7. Ventilation and water loss are closely interdependent. The fact that ventilation can be controlled according to water reserves and the humidity of the air is important in water conservation.

Evidential Study of Relationship between Flexible Drift of Fuel Nozzle Performance and Hot-End Failure of X Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 724-728
Author(s):  
Yong Gang Xu ◽  
Qiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Flow Property ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Converging Flow ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Relative Scarcity ◽  
Engine Start

By means of the fountain-convergence analysis method of FRRU (Flow Resistance-Rigidity Uniformity) index defined by the author, evidential comparison analysis study has been made to the relationship between flexible drift of flow performance of WTD (Weight Type Distributor) valves of fuel nozzles of X engine and hot-end failures of X engine. The results show that during the initial period of engine start, because of the relative scarcity of air in the combustor, a convergence characteristic, due to its converging flow property ofmultiple to one, can lead to such hot-end failures as turbine blade fusion break which is characterized byabrupt change, while a fountain characteristic, due to its diffusing flow property ofone tomultiple, cannot result in any hot-end failures.

scholarly journals SURVIVAL OF MIGRATORY LOCUST AT DIFFERENT KEEPING CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Gerus ◽  
◽  
Y.S. Tokarev ◽  
G.R. Lednev ◽  
M.B. Levchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Gregarious Locusts

In this article we studied the conditions for keeping two species of gregarious locusts: the African migratory locust (Locusta migratoria migratorioides) and the Asian migratory locust (Locusta migratoria migratoria) in open and shaded areas. Based on the data obtained, it is shown that the survival rate of insects of the non-diapausal subspecies was higher in comparison with the obligate monovoltine.

Using laboratory selection for desiccation resistance to examine the relationship between respiratory pattern and water loss in insects.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (21) ◽  
pp. 2945-2952 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Williams ◽  
M R Rose ◽  
T J Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Desiccation Resistance ◽  
Water Loss Rate ◽  
Laboratory Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Co2 Release

We conducted concurrent measurements of rates of CO2 and H2O release from individual fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster taken from populations subjected to three different selective regimes: (1) populations selected for resistance to desiccation (D flies); (2) populations maintained as their controls (C flies); and (3) the ancestral populations of the D and C populations (O flies). In the D flies, water loss rates were significantly reduced, the standard error of the regression (SER) of the CO2 release pattern measured over the survival period of the flies was increased, and the ratio of CO2 loss to H2O loss (VCO2/VH2O) was increased. Correlations across all 15 populations from the three selection treatments indicate that survival time was negatively correlated with water loss rate, positively correlated with the SER of CO2 release and positively correlated with the VCO2/VH2O ratio. We did not, however, find a significant correlation between the SER of CO2 release and rates of water loss or the VCO2/VH2O ratio.

Some Temperature Responses of Nymphs of Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides (R. & F.), with Special Reference to Aggregation

1955 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-139
Author(s):  
R. F. CHAPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Temperature Responses ◽  
Definite Temperature ◽  
Linear Manner

1. The results of experiments in a temperature gradient showed a definite temperature ‘preference’ on the part of hoppers (nymphs) of all stages. This ‘preference’ was constant from instar to instar but varied with the preconditioning temperature. 2. The rate of movement of first-instar hoppers was shown to increase in a linear manner with temperature up to 25° C., above which the rate fell off. It is suggested that these are quantitative data supporting Kennedy's (1939) remarks on negative thermokinesis. 3. Experiments in 12 l. cages showed that group formation depends on a patchy temperature field rather than on any particular temperature, and that environmental conditions are more important than mutual responses of the hoppers. Hoppers less than 3 days old, as well as older ones, formed groups under the conditions of patchy temperature. 4. The experiments suggested that surface temperatures are more important than air or body temperatures in the initial formation of groups. 5. Basking groups induced by local radiant heat in a large cage did not differ in form from the groups in the 12 l. cages formed in the absence of radiant heat. 6. Surface texture was shown to be unimportant in group formation, hoppers always collecting on the hotter surface even when temperature differences were of the order of only 1° C. 7. The groups were shown to be in a very dynamic state, with hoppers continually coming and going. The average time spent in a group by any one hopper was 6 min. 46 sec. 8. Formation of basking groups in the field depends on the physiological state of the hoppers, rather than on any definite temperature.

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