The Control of Water Loss in Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides R. & F

1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
J. P. LOVERIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Ventilatory Rate ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
Control Water

1. The rate of total transpiratory water loss from Locusta is proportional to weight and is not affected by activity within the limits possible in an enclosed box. 2. A trend for proportionately less water to be lost at low humidity than at high humidity probably involves active measures to control water loss from the tracheal system. The saving of water is 5 mg./locust/hr. at 0° R.H., 30° C. 3. Experiments involving exposure of locusts to CO2 of different concentrations show that little control over water loss is exerted by the spiracles except in so far as they may influence the type of ventilation. Hyperventilation, predominantly of the tidal type, doubles normal water loss. 4. Between 42 and 45° C. the ventilatory rate increases enormously with con-comitantly greater water loss. 5. Locusts pre-treated in dry air show a 23% reduction in abdominal ventilatory rate and a 25% reduction in water loss over locusts pre-treated in moist air. 6. Ventilatory movements of locusts under conditions of progressive desiccation show decreased rate and amplitude and an increased incidence of discontinuities, which will conserve water. 7. Ventilation and water loss are closely interdependent. The fact that ventilation can be controlled according to water reserves and the humidity of the air is important in water conservation.

The anatomy and innervation of locust skeletal muscle

1955 ◽  
Vol 143 (911) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides

The details of the innervation of a skeletal muscle (extensor tibialis of the metathoracic leg) of the locust Locusta migratoria migratorioides R. & F. are described. The muscle is innervated by three nerve fibres supplied from two different nerve trunks. The nerve fibres branch extensively to supply all parts of the muscle. This is composed of bundles of fibres, termed muscle units, each of which receives a discrete branch from the motor nerve and similarly a discrete branch from the tracheal system. The units are pinnately arranged along the whole length of the femur. A study of the finest branches of the nerves reveals the presence of several tiny twiglets of nerve, each containing usually two fibres, ending on each muscle fibre. The endings take the form of fine, nucleated claws on the surface of the fibre, which can be detached by pulling and may be individual end-plates. The innervation of other locust muscles is briefly compared.

scholarly journals An experimental evolution study confirms that discontinuous gas exchange does not contribute to body water conservation in locusts

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 20160807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stav Talal ◽  
Amir Ayali ◽  
Eran Gefen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Evolution Study

The adaptive nature of discontinuous gas exchange (DGE) in insects is contentious. The classic ‘hygric hypothesis’, which posits that DGE serves to reduce respiratory water loss (RWL), is still the best supported. We thus focused on the hygric hypothesis in this first-ever experimental evolution study of any of the competing adaptive hypotheses. We compared populations of the migratory locust ( Locusta migratoria ) that underwent 10 consecutive generations of selection for desiccation resistance with control populations. Selected locusts survived 36% longer under desiccation stress but DGE prevalence did not differ between these and control populations (approx. 75%). Evolved changes in DGE properties in the selected locusts included longer cycle and interburst durations. However, in contrast with predictions of the hygric hypothesis, these changes were not associated with reduced RWL rates. Other responses observed in the selected locusts were higher body water content when hydrated and lower total evaporative water loss rates. Hence, our data suggest that DGE cycle properties in selected locusts are a consequence of an evolved increased ability to store water, and thus an improved capacity to buffer accumulated CO 2 , rather than an adaptive response to desiccation. We conclude that DGE is unlikely to be an evolutionary response to dehydration challenge in locusts.

The Control of Water Loss in Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides R. & F

1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
J. P. LOVERIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Lipid Monolayer ◽  
Permeability Change ◽  
Saturation Deficit ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Apparent Decrease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anomalous Relationship

1. The rate of water loss from the cuticle of Locusta is proportional to weight. 2. The rate of water loss from the cuticle at 30° C., 0% R.H. is 5.63±0.67 mg./ locust/hr., giving a permeability of 0.022 mg./cm.2/mm. Hg/hr. 3. The transition temperature at 46-48° C. is similar to that of Schistocerca (Beament, 1959) and probably indicates the existence of an oriented lipid monolayer in the epicuticle. 4. At relative humidities of 0-50 % the rate of water loss from whole locusts decreases with time. This phenomenon, which does not occur at 75%R.H., is partly due to the loss of adsorbed hydroscopic water during the initial period. A continuing apparent decrease in transpiration is shown to be a true permeability change. 5. The relationship between saturation deficit and rate of water loss at 30° C. is curvilinear, falling away at high saturation deficits. This results in a saving of water amounting to 1.5-2.5 mg./locust/hr. at 25 % R.H. and 2.7-4.0 mg./locust/hr. at 0% R.H. and will be biologically significant if not an artifact. 6. The anomalous relationship between saturation deficit and rate of water loss is caused by the permeability change occurring at low R.H. Three theories which may account for these phenomena are discussed.

scholarly journals SURVIVAL OF MIGRATORY LOCUST AT DIFFERENT KEEPING CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Gerus ◽  
◽  
Y.S. Tokarev ◽  
G.R. Lednev ◽  
M.B. Levchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Gregarious Locusts

In this article we studied the conditions for keeping two species of gregarious locusts: the African migratory locust (Locusta migratoria migratorioides) and the Asian migratory locust (Locusta migratoria migratoria) in open and shaded areas. Based on the data obtained, it is shown that the survival rate of insects of the non-diapausal subspecies was higher in comparison with the obligate monovoltine.

Soil and Water Conservation Society and the Construction of Ecological Civilization City

2014 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
pp. 290-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Yu ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Wen Feng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Soil And Water Loss ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Soil And Water

In recent years , with the acceleration of the process of China's modernization cities , soil erosion and lead to many more serious environmental problems . This paper describes the harm to the social construction of ecological civilization city soil and water loss,analyzed the causes of soil erosion,and finally illustrates the importance of soil and water conservation of the city and puts forward some suggestions for the construction of soil and water conservation.

Some Temperature Responses of Nymphs of Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides (R. & F.), with Special Reference to Aggregation

1955 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-139
Author(s):  
R. F. CHAPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
Temperature Responses ◽  
Definite Temperature ◽  
Linear Manner

1. The results of experiments in a temperature gradient showed a definite temperature ‘preference’ on the part of hoppers (nymphs) of all stages. This ‘preference’ was constant from instar to instar but varied with the preconditioning temperature. 2. The rate of movement of first-instar hoppers was shown to increase in a linear manner with temperature up to 25° C., above which the rate fell off. It is suggested that these are quantitative data supporting Kennedy's (1939) remarks on negative thermokinesis. 3. Experiments in 12 l. cages showed that group formation depends on a patchy temperature field rather than on any particular temperature, and that environmental conditions are more important than mutual responses of the hoppers. Hoppers less than 3 days old, as well as older ones, formed groups under the conditions of patchy temperature. 4. The experiments suggested that surface temperatures are more important than air or body temperatures in the initial formation of groups. 5. Basking groups induced by local radiant heat in a large cage did not differ in form from the groups in the 12 l. cages formed in the absence of radiant heat. 6. Surface texture was shown to be unimportant in group formation, hoppers always collecting on the hotter surface even when temperature differences were of the order of only 1° C. 7. The groups were shown to be in a very dynamic state, with hoppers continually coming and going. The average time spent in a group by any one hopper was 6 min. 46 sec. 8. Formation of basking groups in the field depends on the physiological state of the hoppers, rather than on any definite temperature.

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