Dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms in EDN1 and NOS3 are not associated with severe diabetic retinopathy in type 1 or type 2 diabetes

SummaryTo identify whether genotype contributes to the difference in PAI-1 levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetic subjects and whether genotype relates to the development of retinopathy, a Hind III restriction fragment length polymorphism and two dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms were studied. In 519 Caucasian diabetic subjects (192 type 1, 327 type 2) and 123 Caucasian control subjects there were no differences in the frequency of the Hind III restriction alleles (type 1 vs type 2 vs control: allele 1 0.397 vs 0.420 vs 0.448; allele 2 0.603 vs 0.580 vs 0.552) nor in the allelic frequency at either dinucleotide repeat sequence. In 86 subjects with no retinopathy at 15 years or more from diagnosis of diabetes and 190 subjects with diabetic retinopathy there was no difference in the frequency of Hind III restriction alleles (retinopathy present vs retinopathy absent: allele 1 0.400 vs 0.467; allele 2 0.600 vs 0.533) nor in the allelic frequencies at either dinucleotide repeat sequence. The results indicate that there is no or minimal influence of the PAI-1 gene on either PAI-1 levels or the development of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus.

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Diabetic Retinopathy In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Aspects Of Early Diagnosis, Treatment And Prediction Of The Outcome Of The Disease

The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.37547/tajmspr/volume03issue07-03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 03 (07) ◽

pp. 53-65

Author(s):

Fazilat Arifovna Bakhritdinova ◽

◽

Urmanova Firuza Makhkamovna ◽

Nabiyeva Iroda Fayzullayevna ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Research Group ◽

Black Population ◽

The Past ◽

Number Of Patients

In this review, the authors performed an overview of the literature on early diagnosis, treatment and methods for predicting the outcomes of the disease. According to regional endocrinological dispensaries, for 2020 registered SD for RUZ 277 926., Of these, type 1 type 18178, SD 2 type 259,748 patients. At the same time, the number of patients with DR was 2020 g of 83,632 persons, of which 73690 persons with di type 2. The real number of patients exceeds a registered 10 times, over the past 18 years, the number of patients with a rope in Uzbekistan increased by 2.4 times (according to the Ministry of Health of RUZ). The prevalence of others among patients of the CD is 10-90%, according to some specialists, up to 97-98.5%. For example, the frequency of development dr in India is lower than among Europeans and Americans, and among the black population more frequent than among the white. According to the WHO research group, it was revealed that the highest frequency of DR was detected in Oklahoma (76.4%), Zagreb (73.1%) and Hong Kong (58.1%). The lowest frequency was observed in Tokyo (29.7%). The prevalence of DR in patients in China amounted to 47.4%, and the frequency of DR in Poland was 31.4%.

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87-OR: Vitreous Retinol Binding Protein 3 Is Increased in Patients without Advanced Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db21-87-or ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 87-OR

Author(s):

WARD FICKWEILER ◽

HYUNSEOK PARK ◽

KYOUNGMIN PARK ◽

TAHANI BOUMENNA ◽

JOHN GAUTHIER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Retinol Binding Protein

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Differences in Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in North-East Poland

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56040177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 177

Author(s):

Wojciech Matuszewski ◽

Magdalena M. Stefanowicz-Rutkowska ◽

Magdalena Szychlińska ◽

Elżbieta Bandurska-Stankiewicz

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Study Group

Background and Objective: Nowadays, diabetes is one of the main causes of blindness in the world. Identification and differentiation of risk factors for diabetic retinopathy depending on the type of diabetes gives us the opportunity to fight and prevent this complication. Aim of the research: To assess differences in the risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Warmia and Mazury Region, Poland. Materials and Methods: Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) were assessed on the basis of an original questionnaire, which included: personal data, clinical history of diabetes and eye disease. Elements of clinical examination: blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference. Indicators of diabetes metabolic control: mean glycemia, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol and triglycerides, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), albumin–creatinine ratio in urine. Results: The study group included 315 (26%) patients with DM1 and 894 (74%) patients with DM2. Risk factors were estimated on the basis of logistic regression and verified with Student’s t-test. Statistically significant dependencies were found in both groups between the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy and diabetes duration, HbA1c, triglyceride concentrations, indicators of kidney function and cigarette smoking status. In the DM2 group, the development of DR was significantly influenced by the implemented models of diabetic treatment. Conclusions: In the whole study group, the risk of DR was associated with the duration of diabetes, HbA1c, triglyceride concentrations and smoking. In DM1 patients, the risk of DR was associated with diabetic kidney disease in the G1A1/A2 stage of chronic kidney disease, and in DM2 patients with the G2 stage of chronic kidney disease. An important risk factor for DR in DM2 patients was associated with late introduction of insulin therapy.

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Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in North-East Poland

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56040164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

Wojciech Matuszewski ◽

Angelika Baranowska-Jurkun ◽

Magdalena M. Stefanowicz-Rutkowska ◽

Robert Modzelewski ◽

Janusz Pieczyński ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

North East ◽

Experimental Group

Background and Objectives: The global epidemic of diabetes, especially type 2 (DM2), is related to lifestyle changes, obesity, and the process of population aging. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most serious complication of the eye caused by diabetes. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in north-east Poland. Materials and Methods: The eye fundus was assessed on the basis of two-field 50 degrees color fundus photographs that showed the optic nerve and macula in the center after the pupil was dilated with 1% tropicamide. Results: The experimental group included 315 (26%) patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and 894 (74%) patients with DM2. DM1 patients were diagnosed with DR in 32.58% of cases, with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in 24.44% of cases, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in 1.59% of cases, diabetic macular edema (DME) in 5.40% of cases, and PDR with DME in 0.95% of cases. DR was found in DM2 patients in 23.04% of cases, NPDR in 17.11% of cases, PDR in 1.01% of cases, DME in 4.81% of cases, and PDR with DME in 0.11% of cases. Conclusions: The presented study is the first Polish study on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy presenting a large group of patients, and its results could be extrapolated to the whole country. Diabetic retinopathy was found in 25.48% of patients in the whole experimental group. The above results place Poland within the European average, indicating the quality of diabetic care offered in Poland, based on the number of observed complications.

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EARLY MICROVASCULAR AND NEURAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITHOUT CLINICAL SIGNS OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Retina ◽

10.1097/iae.0000000000001990 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 435-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Stela Vujosevic ◽

Andrea Muraca ◽

Micol Alkabes ◽

Edoardo Villani ◽

Fabiano Cavarzeran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Clinical Signs

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Incidence and Risk Factors for Developing Diabetic Retinopathy among Youths with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes throughout the United States

Ophthalmology ◽

10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.10.031 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 124 (4) ◽

pp. 424-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Sophia Y. Wang ◽

Chris A. Andrews ◽

William H. Herman ◽

Thomas W. Gardner ◽

Joshua D. Stein

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

The United States

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Evaluation of the Effect of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic Retinopathy on Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness and Central Macular Thickness in Adolescents

Erciyes Medical Journal ◽

10.14744/etd.2020.05695 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mustafa Hepokur

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Macular Thickness ◽

Central Macular Thickness ◽

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness

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Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

10.2310/neuro.1158 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Samuel Dagogo-Jack

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Diabetic Complications ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Complications Of Diabetes ◽

Risk Of Death

The long-term complications of diabetes mellitus include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy can result in loss of vision; nephropathy may lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD); and neuropathy poses the risk of foot ulcers, amputation, Charcot joints, sexual dysfunction, and potentially disabling dysfunction of the stomach, bowel, and bladder. Hyperglycemia sufficient to cause pathologic and functional changes in target tissues may be present for some time before clinical symptoms lead to a diagnosis of diabetes, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic patients are also at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular, peripheral vascular, and cerebrovascular disease. These conditions may be related to hyperglycemia, as well as to the hypertension and abnormal lipoprotein profiles that are often found in diabetic patients. Prevention of these complications is a major goal of current therapeutic policy and recommendations for all but transient forms of diabetes. This chapter describes the pathogenesis, screening, prevention, and treatment of diabetic complications, as well as the management of hyperglycemia in the hospitalized patient. Figures illustrate the pathways that link high blood glucose levels to microvascular and macrovascular complications; fundus abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy; the natural history of nephropathy in type 1 diabetes; cumulative incidence of first cardiovascular events, stroke, or death from cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes; the effect of intensive glycemic therapy on the risk of myocardial infarction, major cardiovascular event, or cardiovascular death in patients with type 2 diabetes; and risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes who receive intensive therapy of multiple risk factors or conventional therapy. Tables describe screening schedules for diabetic complications in adults, foot care recommendations for patients with diabetes, and comparison of major trials of intensive glucose control. This chapter has 238 references.

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