Birth cohort effects on abdominal obesity in the United States: the Silent Generation, Baby Boomers and Generation X

Abstract 4203 BACKGROUND: Leukemia (all types) is a common cancer in the United States (US) with 44,600 new cases expected in 2011. There are currently only a few established risk factors for any major type. If leukemia risks are substantially modulated by known or unknown environmental and lifestyle exposures, then incidence rates in the population should vary significantly by birth cohort. However, prior studies have not examined birth cohort effects using contemporary data and methods. METHODS: We used nationally representative data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program for 1992 – 2008 (68,481 leukemias and 6.6×108 person-years of follow-up). For each major type in male and female pediatric (ages 0 – 17) and adult (ages 18 – 85) populations, we estimated the average annual percentage change in incidence attributable to calendar period and/or birth cohort (net drift), and the significance of unique (non-linear) birth cohort effects, using age-period-cohort statistical models and Poisson regression. RESULTS: In adults, birth cohort effects for AML were significant in men (P = 0.002) and borderline significant in women (P = 0.053). Compared to men born during 1947 – 1951, men born in the 1920s–1930s were 1.4-fold more likely to develop AML; AML rates were stable in men born after 1951. Birth cohort patterns for AML were qualitatively similar in women compared to men. For CLL, birth cohort effects were highly significant in men (P=5.7×10−6), peaking among men born circa 1939 and falling by 38% among men born circa 1963. In contrast, birth cohort effects for CLL were almost completely absent in women. For CML, incidence declined steadily by 1.3%/year among men (P = 0.0003) and by 1.5%/year among women (P = 0.0008). For ALL, incidence increased steadily by 2.0%/year among women (P = 0.001); birth cohort patterns were similar in men but not statistically significant (P = 0.36). In the pediatric population, AML rates were stable over time. In contrast, ALL rates increased by 1.4%/year among males (P = 0.001) and by 1.1%/year among females (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In the US, leukemia risks increase or decrease substantially by birth cohort for each major leukemia type except adult female CLL and pediatric AML, on the order of 1–2%/year or 20–40% per generation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that leukemia risks are substantially affected by known (i.e. smoking, certain chemicals) or suspected (i.e. obesity) environmental and lifestyle exposures, a number of which are potentially modifiable. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Visualizing the Baby Boom

Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World ◽

10.1177/2378023118777324 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 237802311877732

Author(s):

Kieran Healy

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Social Change ◽

Baby Boomers ◽

Generation X ◽

Baby Boom ◽

The United States ◽

Birth Rates ◽

England And Wales ◽

The U.S

I provide a tiled visualization of average monthly birth rates between 1938 and 1991 for the United States and England and Wales. Ideas about demographic “generations” such as Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials are in widespread use in popular discussions of social change, often quite fancifully. The visualization makes apparent the sheer scale of the U.S. Baby Boom in comparison to other alleged generations.

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Disparities of birth cohort effects on pancreatic cancer incidence between the United States and urban China

ESMO Open ◽

10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 100240

Author(s):

S. Yang ◽

K.W. Yeoh ◽

M.C.-S. Wong ◽

O.W.-K. Mang ◽

L.A. Tse

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

The United States ◽

Urban China ◽

Cohort Effects

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Time Allocation Behavior of Twentieth-Century American Generations: GI Generation, Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198118794710 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2672 (49) ◽

pp. 69-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Annesha Enam ◽

Karthik C. Konduri

Keyword(s):

Baby Boomers ◽

Generation X ◽

Time Use ◽

Time Allocation ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Silent Generation ◽

Two Generations ◽

American Heritage ◽

Using Data

In recent years, time engagement behaviors of two generations, namely Baby Boomers and Millennials have sparked much interest because these generations constitute the bulk of the American population today and they also exhibit “atypical” activity–travel patterns compared with other generations. The objective of the current research is to conduct a systematic study of the time engagement behaviors of five American generations: the GI Generation (birth year: 1901–1924), the Silent Generation (birth year: 1925–1943), Baby Boomers (birth year: 1944–1964), Generation X (birth year: 1965–1981), and Millennials (birth year: 1982–2000). Particularly, the study aims at isolating heterogeneity in behaviors associated with structural changes in the society from those associated with inherent generational characteristics. Using data from four waves (1965, 1985, 2005, and 2012) of the American Heritage and Time Use Study, the analysis explores the time engagement behaviors while accounting for the age, period, and cohort effects in addition to different socioeconomic and demographic variables. The analysis reveals that Millennials have generally delayed participation in life-changing events such as marriage and workforce entry, and have exhibited prolonged student status compared with previous generations. Millennials show lower participation in work and higher participation in discretionary activities compared with individuals of the same age group from previous generations. On the other hand, Baby Boomers clearly exhibited increased travel engagement compared with the previous generations at different stages of their lives.

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Knowledge Acquisition and Loss

Organizational Knowledge Dynamics - Advances in Knowledge Acquisition, Transfer, and Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8318-1.ch009 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 207-234

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Knowledge Acquisition ◽

Baby Boomers ◽

Balance Equation ◽

Dynamic Equilibrium ◽

External Environment ◽

The United States ◽

Organizational Knowledge ◽

Knowledge Loss ◽

Energy Conservation Law

Metaphorically, the energy conservation law that is applied to all physical systems can be transferred to organizations as the dynamic equilibrium of organizational knowledge. The balance equation for organizational knowledge includes knowledge creation, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge loss. Knowledge acquisition means to bring in organization fluxes of knowledge from the external environment, while knowledge loss means to have fluxes of knowledge crossing the interface toward the external environment. The purpose of this chapter is to present the main issues that are related to knowledge acquisition and knowledge loss for organizations. Knowledge loss became a hot issue in the last decade when the wave of baby boomers reached the retirement age. In the United States and in Europe, ageing of workforce, as well as the downsizing strategies during economic crises, generated many problems due to knowledge loss, which leads to a decreasing capacity for business competition.

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Lucille

Cases on Cross-Cultural Counseling Strategies - Advances in Human Services and Public Health ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-0022-4.ch015 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 305-325

Author(s):

Elise Johns

Keyword(s):

Baby Boomers ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

The United States ◽

Counseling Competencies ◽

Multicultural Competencies ◽

Physical Ability ◽

Silent Generation ◽

Loss Of Autonomy ◽

Definition Of

The percentage of the population in the United States comprised of older adults (65+), sometimes referred to as Baby Boomers (birth year 1946 – 1964) and the Silent Generation (birth year 1925 – 1945), is steadily on the rise. This population is often overlooked and has a unique subset of issues when it comes to counseling competencies. Layered multicultural competencies affecting these individuals include race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, and ageism. Counseling concerns related to age include but are not limited to loss of autonomy, loss of physical ability, loss of loved ones, and changing definition of self. From an existential therapeutic background blended with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) interventions, the author reviews the case study of Lucille with a focus on therapeutic intervention and Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCCs).

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Rising Trends in Emergency Department Visits Associated With Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States, 2006-2014

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/0033354919878437 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 134 (6) ◽

pp. 685-694

Author(s):

Shaoman Yin ◽

Laurie Barker ◽

Eyasu H. Teshale ◽

Ruth B. Jiles

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Emergency Department ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Baby Boomers ◽

The United States ◽

Emergency Department Visits ◽

Medicare Beneficiaries ◽

Compensated Cirrhosis ◽

Ed Visits ◽

Medicaid Beneficiaries

Objective: Emergency departments (EDs) are critical settings for hepatitis C care in the United States. We assessed trends and characteristics of hepatitis C–associated ED visits during 2006-2014. Methods: We used data from the 2006-2014 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample to estimate numbers, rates, and costs of hepatitis C–associated ED visits, defined by either first-listed diagnosis of hepatitis C or all-listed diagnosis of hepatitis C. We assessed trends by demographic characteristics, liver disease severity, and patients’ disposition by using joinpoint analysis, and we calculated the average annual percentage change (AAPC) from 2006 to 2014. Results: During 2006-2014, the rate per 100 000 visits of first-listed and all-listed hepatitis C–associated ED visits increased significantly from 10.1 to 25.4 (AAPC = 13.0%; P < .001) and from 484.4 to 631.6 (AAPC = 3.4%; P < .001), respectively. Approximately 70% of these visits were made by persons born during 1945-1965 (baby boomers); 30% of visits were made by Medicare beneficiaries and 40% by Medicaid beneficiaries. Significant rate increases were among visits by baby boomers (first-listed: AAPC = 13.8%; all-listed: AAPC = 2.6%), persons born after 1965 (first-listed: AAPC = 14.3%; all-listed: AAPC = 9.2%), Medicare beneficiaries (first-listed: AAPC = 18.0%; all-listed: AAPC = 3.9%), and persons hospitalized after ED visits (first-listed: AAPC = 20.0%; all-listed: AAPC = 2.3%; all P < .001). Increasing proportions of compensated cirrhosis were among visits by baby boomers (first-listed: AAPC = 11.5%; all-listed: AAPC = 6.3%). Annual hepatitis C–associated total ED costs increased by 400.0% (first-listed) and 192.0% (all-listed) during 2006-2014. Conclusion: Public health efforts are needed to address the growing burden of hepatitis C care in the ED.

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