scholarly journals Cerebral Metabolic Relationships for Selected Brain Regions in Healthy Adults

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jeffrey Metter ◽  
Walter H. Riege ◽  
David E. Kuhl ◽  
Michael E. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Cerebral Metabolic Rate ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Brain

The local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose was determined in 26 regions of the brain in 31 healthy subjects who underwent resting fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Intercorrelations among the 26 regional measures were accepted as reliable at p < 0.01 (r > 0.45), uncorrected for the number of measures. From the matrix two apparently separate functional metabolic systems were identified: (1) a superior system involving the superior and middle frontal gyri, the inferior parietal lobule, and the occipital cortex; and (2) an inferior system involving the inferior frontal, Broca's, and posterior temporal regions. Evidence is presented to suggest that the superior system is involved in visual processing, memory recognition, and decision making, while the inferior system seems to at least participate in language-related functions.

29 POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING OF BRAIN METABOLISM AND DOPAMINERGIC NEURON DESTRUCTION IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE MODEL PIG

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
H. J. Oh ◽  
J. Moon ◽  
G. A. Kim ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
S. H. Paek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Dopaminergic Neuron ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

Due to similarities between human and porcine, pigs have been proposed as an excellent experimental animal for human medical research. Especially in paediatric brain research, piglets share similarities with human infants in the extent of peak brain growth at the time of birth and the growth pattern of brain. Thus, these findings have supported the wider use of pigs rather than rodents in neuroscience research. Previously, we reported the production of porcine model of Parkinson's disease (PD) by nuclear transfer using donor cell that had been stably infected with lentivirus containing the human α-synuclein gene. The purpose of this study was to determine the alternation of brain metabolism and dopaminergic neuron destruction using noninvasive method in a 2-yr-old PD model and a control pig. The positron emission tomography (PET) scan was done using Biograph TruePoint40 with a TrueV (Siemens, Munich, Germany). The [18F]N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (FP-CIT) was administrated via the ear vein. Static images of the brain for 15 min were acquired from 2 h after injection. The 18F-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose PET (18F-FDG PET) images of the brain were obtained for 15 min at 45 min post-injection. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed at the same location of the brain. In both MRI and CT images, there was no difference in brain regions between PD model and control pigs. However, administration of [18F]FP-CIT was markedly decreased in the bilateral putamen of the PD model pig compared with the control pigs. Moreover, [18F]FP-CIT administration was asymmetrical in the PD model pig but it was symmetrical in control pigs. Regional brain metabolism was also assessed and there was no significant difference in cortical metabolism of PD model and control pigs. We demonstrated that PET imaging could provide a foundation for translational Parkinson neuroimaging in transgenic pigs. In the present study, a 2-yr-old PD model pig showed dopaminergic neuron destruction in brain regions. Therefore, PD model pig expressing human α-synuclein gene would be an efficient model for human PD patients. This study was supported by Korea IPET (#311011–05–5-SB010), Research Institute for Veterinary Science, TS Corporation and the BK21 plus program.

scholarly journals Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex Is Associated with Fatigue Sensation

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiki Tajima ◽  
Shigeyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Masaaki Tanaka ◽  
Yosky Kataoka ◽  
Masao Iwase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Region ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Brain

Fatigue is an indispensable bioalarm to avoid exhaustive state caused by overwork or stresses. It is necessary to elucidate the neural mechanism of fatigue sensation for managing fatigue properly. We performedH2O  15positron emission tomography scans to indicate neural activations while subjects were performing 35-min fatigue-inducing task trials twice. During the positron emission tomography experiment, subjects performed advanced trail-making tests, touching the target circles in sequence located on the display of a touch-panel screen. In order to identify the brain regions associated with fatigue sensation, correlation analysis was performed using statistical parametric mapping method. The brain region exhibiting a positive correlation in activity with subjective sensation of fatigue, measured immediately after each positron emission tomography scan, was located in medial orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann's area 10/11). Hence, the medial orbitofrontal cortex is a brain region associated with mental fatigue sensation. Our findings provide a new perspective on the neural basis of fatigue.

scholarly journals Measurement of Benzodiazepine Receptor Number and Affinity in Humans Using Tracer Kinetic Modeling, Positron Emission Tomography, and [11C]Flumazenil

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C. Price ◽  
Helen S. Mayberg ◽  
Robert F. Dannals ◽  
Alan A. Wilson ◽  
Hayden T. Ravert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Free Fraction ◽  
Benzodiazepine Receptor ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Convergence Problems

Kinetic methods were used to obtain regional estimates of benzodiazepine receptor concentration ( Bmax) and equilibrium dissociation constant ( Kd) from high and low specific activity (SA) [11C]flumazenil ([11C] Ro 15-1788) positron emission tomography studies of five normal volunteers. The high and low SA data were simultaneously fit to linear and nonlinear three-compartment models, respectively. An additional inhibition study (pretreatment with 0.15 mg/kg of flumazenil) was performed on one of the volunteers, which resulted in an average gray matter K1/ k2 estimate of 0.68 ± 0.08 ml/ml (linear three-compartment model, nine brain regions). The free fraction of flumazenil in plasma ( f1) was determined for each study (high SA f1: 0.50 ± 0.03; low SA f1: 0.48 ± 0.05). The free fraction in brain ( f2) was calculated using the inhibition K1/ k2 ratio and each volunteer's mean f1 value ( f2 across volunteers = 0.72 ± 0.03 ml/ml). Three methods (Methods I–III) were examined. Method I determined five kinetic parameters simultaneously [ K1, k2, k3 (= kon f2 Bmax), k4, and kon f2/SA] with no a priori constraints. An average kon value of 0.030 ± 0.003 n M−1 min−1 was estimated for receptor-rich regions using Method I. In Methods II and III, the kon f2/SA parameter was specifically constrained using the Method I value of kon and the volunteer's values of f2 and low SA (Ci/μmol). Four parameters were determined simultaneously using Method II. In Method III, K1/ k2 was fixed to the inhibition value and only three parameters were estimated. Method I provided the most variable results and convergence problems for regions with low receptor binding. Method II provided results that were less variable but very similar to the Method I results, without convergence problems. However, the K1/ k2 ratios obtained by Method II ranged from 1.07 in the occipital cortex to 0.61 in the thalamus. Fixing the K1/ k2 ratio in Method III provided a method that was physiologically consistent with the fixed value of f2 and resulted in parameters with considerably lower variability. The average Bmax values obtained using Method III were 100 ± 25 n M in the occipital cortex, 64 ±18 n M in the cerebellum, and 38 ± 5.5 n M in the thalamus; the average Kd was 8.9 ± 1.0 n M (five brain regions).

scholarly journals Regional Cerebral l-[14C-Methyl]Methionine Incorporation into Proteins: Evidence for Methionine Recycling in the Rat Brain

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Planas ◽  
Christian Prenant ◽  
Bernard M. Mazoyer ◽  
Dominique Comar ◽  
Luigi Di Giamberardino
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Isotopic Equilibrium ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Brain

The specific activity (SA) of free methionine was measured in plasma and in different regions of the rat brain at 15, 30, or 60 min after intravenous infusion of l-[14C- methyl]methionine. Within these time periods, an apparent steady state of labeled free methionine in plasma and in brain was reached. However, the brain-to-plasma free methionine SA ratio was found to be ∼0.5, showing that an isotopic equilibrium between brain and plasma was not attained. This suggests the presence of an endogenous source of brain free methionine (likely originating from protein breakdown), in addition to the plasma source. The contribution of this endogenous source to the content of free methionine varies significantly among the different brain regions. Our results indicate that the regional rates of protein synthesis measured with l-[11C- methyl]methionine using positron emission tomography would be underestimated, since the local fraction of brain methionine derived from protein degradation would not be considered.

scholarly journals Quantification of Human Opiate Receptor Concentration and Affinity Using High and Low Specific Activity [11C]Diprenorphine and Positron Emission Tomography

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Sadzot ◽  
Julie C. Price ◽  
Helen S. Mayberg ◽  
Kenneth H. Douglass ◽  
Robert F. Dannals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Free Fraction ◽  
Receptor Occupancy ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Opiate Receptor ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Receptor Concentration ◽  
The Brain

[11C]Diprenorphine, a weak partial opiate agonist, and positron emission tomography were used to obtain noninvasive regional estimates of opiate receptor concentration ( Bmax) and affinity ( Kd) in human brain. Different compartmental models and fitting strategies were compared statistically to establish the most reliable method of parameter estimation. Paired studies were performed in six normal subjects using high (769–5,920 Ci/mmol) and low (27–80 Ci/mmol) specific activity (SA) [11C]diprenorphine. Two subjects were studied a third time using high SA [11C]diprenorphine after a pretreatment with 1–1.5 mg/kg of the opiate antagonist naloxone. After the plasma radioactivity was corrected for metabolites, the brain data were analyzed using a three-compartment model and nonlinear least-squares curve fitting. Linear differential equations were used to describe the high SA (low receptor occupancy) kinetics. The k3/ k4 ratio varied from 1.0 ± 0.2 (occipital cortex) to 8.6 ± 1.6 (thalamus). Nonlinear differential equations were used to describe the low SA (high receptor occupancy) kinetics and the curve fits provided the kon f2 product. The measured free fraction of [11C]diprenorphine in plasma ( f1) was 0.30 ± 0.03, the average K1/ k2 ratio from the two naloxone studies was 1.1 ± 0.2, and the calculated free fraction of [11C]diprenorphine in the brain ( f2) was 0.3. Using the paired SA studies, the estimated kinetic parameters, and f2, separate estimates of Bmax and Kd were obtained. Bmax varied from 2.3 ± 0.5 (occipital cortex) to 20.6 ± 7.3 (cingulate cortex) n M. The average Kd (eight brain regions) was 0.85 ± 0.17 n M.

scholarly journals Measurement of cerebral ABCC1 transport activity in wild-type and APP/PS1-21 mice with positron emission tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Zoufal ◽  
Severin Mairinger ◽  
Markus Krohn ◽  
Thomas Wanek ◽  
Thomas Filip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
Pet Scans ◽  
The Brain

Previous data suggest a possible link between multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1) and brain clearance of beta-amyloid (Aβ). We used PET with 6-bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine ([11C]BMP) to measure cerebral ABCC1 transport activity in a beta-amyloidosis mouse model (APP/PS1-21) and in wild-type mice aged 50 and 170 days, without and with pretreatment with the ABCC1 inhibitor MK571. One hundred seventy days-old-animals additionally underwent [11C]PiB PET scans to measure Aβ load. While baseline [11C]BMP PET scans detected no differences in the elimination slope of radioactivity washout from the brain (kelim) between APP/PS1-21 and wild-type mice of both age groups, PET scans after MK571 pretreatment revealed significantly higher kelim values in APP/PS1-21 mice than in wild-type mice aged 170 days, suggesting increased ABCC1 activity. The observed increase in kelim occurred across all investigated brain regions and was independent of the presence of Aβ plaques measured with [11C]PiB. Western blot analysis revealed a trend towards increased whole brain ABCC1 levels in 170 days-old-APP/PS1-21 mice versus wild-type mice and a significant positive correlation between ABCC1 levels and kelim. Our data point to an upregulation of ABCC1 in APP/PS1-21 mice, which may be related to an induction of ABCC1 in astrocytes as a protective mechanism against oxidative stress.

Repetitive TMS as a Probe of Mood In Health and Disease

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. George ◽  
Andrew M. Speer ◽  
Eric M. Wassermann ◽  
Timothy A. Kimbrell ◽  
Wendol A. William ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Brain

AbstractRecent advances in functional neuroimaging (including positron emission tomography, single-photon emission tomography, and fast magnetic resonance imaging) have allowed better understanding of the brain regions involved in regulating normal and pathological moods. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has the ability to stimulate or temporarily impair brain regions, which makes it a powerful tool for directly testing theories of the neurologic basis of mood regulation.

5HT2 Receptors in Cerebral Cortex of Migraineurs Studied Using PET and 18F-Fluorosetoperone

Cephalalgia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Chabriat ◽  
A Tehindrazanarivelo ◽  
P Vera ◽  
Y Samson ◽  
S Pappata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Migraine Pathogenesis ◽  
5Ht2 Receptors ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Since the brain 5HT2 receptors might be implicated in migraine pathogenesis, we have used positron emission tomography and 18F-fluorosetoperone, a 5HT2 specific radioligand, to investigate in vivo the cortical 5HT2 receptors in migraine subjects. Nine migraineurs who had either migraine with and without aura ( n = 5) or only migraine without aura ( n = 4) were studied between attacks. Twelve unmedicated healthy subjects of similar mean age were used as controls. Brain radioactivity was measured after 18F-setoperone IV injection for 90 min. A decrease of the regional specific distribution volumes (SDV) of the ligand was observed both in migraineurs and in controls. The age adjusted group means of SDV did not differ between patients and controls for the whole and for the right or left frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortex. These results suggest that cortical 5HT2 receptors may be unaltered between attacks in migraine sufferers.

scholarly journals Regional Kinetic Constants and Cerebral Metabolic Rate for Glucose in Normal Human Volunteers Determined by Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography of [18F]-2-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-D. Heiss ◽  
G. Pawlik ◽  
K. Herholz ◽  
R. Wagner ◽  
H. Göldner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Kinetic Constants ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Cerebral Metabolic Rate ◽  
Positron Emission

Using dynamic [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography with a high-resolution, seven-slice positron camera, the kinetic constants of the original three-compartment model of Sokoloff and co-workers (1977) were determined in 43 distinct topographic brain regions of seven healthy male volunteers aged 28–38 years. Regional averages of the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRglu) were calculated both from individually fitted rate constants (CMRglukinetic) and from activity maps recorded 30–40 min after FDG injection, employing a four-parameter operational equation with standard rate constants from the literature (CMRgluautoradiographic). Metabolic rates and kinetic constants varied significantly among regions and subjects, but not between hemispheres. k1 ranged between 0.0485 ± 0.00778 min−1 in the oval center and 0.0990 ± 0.01347 min−1 in the primary visual cortex. k2 ranged from 0.1198 ± 0.01533 min−1 in the temporal white matter to 0.1472 ± 0.01817 min−1 in the cerebellar dentate nucleus. k3 was lowest (0.0386 ± 0.01482 min−1) in temporal white matter and highest (0.0823 ± 0.02552 min−1) in the caudate nucleus. Maximum likelihood cluster analysis revealed four homogeneous groups of brain regions according to their respective kinetic constants: (1) white matter and mixed brainstem structures; (2) cerebellar gray matter and hippocampal formations; (3) basal ganglia and frontolateral and primary visual cortex; and (4) other cerebral cortex and thalamus. Across the entire brain, k1 and k2 were positively correlated (r = 0.79); k1 and k3 showed some correlation (r = 0.59); but no significant linear association was found between k2 and k3. A strong correlation with CMRglu could be demonstrated for k1 (r = 0.88) and k3 (r = 0.90), but k2 was loosely correlated (r = 0.56). CMRglu kinetic ranged from 17.0 ± 2.45 μmol/100 g/min in the occipital white matter to 41.1 ± 5.62 μmol/100 g/min in the frontolateral cortex. In most regions the mean values of CMRglu kinetic did not differ significantly from CMRglu autoradiographic. With few exceptions, however, within-region variance was significantly less for CMRglu kinetic than for CMRglu autoradiographic, suggesting greater individual reliability of results obtained by the kinetic approach.

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