scholarly journals PACAP, a VIP-like Peptide: Immunohistochemical Localization and Effect upon Cat Pial Arteries and Cerebral Blood Flow

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Uddman ◽  
P. J. Goadsby ◽  
I. Jansen ◽  
L. Edvinsson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Pial Arteries ◽  
Maximal Increase ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Prostaglandin F

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) is a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)–like peptide recently isolated from ovine hypothalami. Nerve fibers containing PACAP immunoreactivity were present in the adventitia and the adventitia-media border of cat cerebral arteries. Double immunostaining revealed that PACAP-immunoreactive nerve fibers constituted a sub-population of the VIP-containing fibers. PACAP effected a concentration-dependent relaxation of feline middle cerebral arteries that had been precontracted with prostaglandin F2α. The maximum relaxation, 24 and 34% of precontraction, was achieved with PACAP-38 and PACAP-27, respectively, at a concentration of 10−6 M. In cats anesthetized with α-chloralose, intracerebral microinjection of PACAP effected a moderate increase in cerebral blood flow. The maximal increase (18.6 ± 6%) was observed following the injection of 5 μg PACAP.

scholarly journals Effects of GV14 Acupuncture on Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in the Basilar and Middle Cerebral Arteries and CO2 Reactivity during Hypercapnia in Normal Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hyun Ku Lee ◽  
Sang-Kwan Moon ◽  
Chul Jin ◽  
Seung-Yeon Cho ◽  
Seong-Uk Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Co2 Reactivity ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries

The Governing Vessel 14 (GV14) (Dazhui) is one of the acupuncture points referred to as “seven acupoints for stroke.” Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research on the effects of acupuncture treatment at GV14. This study investigated the effects of acupuncture at GV14 on cerebral blood flow (CBF), especially that in the basilar artery (BA) and the middle cerebral arteries (MCA). Sixteen healthy men aged 20 to 29 years were enrolled in this study. CBF velocity and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) were measured using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD). The following were assessed: closed circuit rebreathing- (CCR-) induced carbon dioxide (CO2) reactivity, modified blood flow velocity at 40 mmHg (CV40) on BA and MCAs, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR). Observed results were obtained after comparison with the baseline evaluation. Statistically significant elevations in CO2 reactivity were recorded in the BA (3.28 to 4.70, p < 0.001 ) and MCAs (right: 3.81 to 5.25, p = 0.001 ; left: 3.84 to 5.12, p = 0.005 ) after acupuncture at GV14. The CV40 increased statistically significantly only in the BA (45.49 to 50.41, p = 0.003 ). No change was observed in BP (106.83 to 107.08 (mmHg), p = 0.335 ) and HR (77 to 75 (bpm), p = 0.431 ). Acupuncture at GV14 improved CBF velocity. These results could be explained by the regulation of endothelium-dependent vessel dilation effected by acupuncture. This trial is registered with Korean Clinical Trial Registry (http://cris.nih.go.kr; registration number: KCT0004787).

scholarly journals Post-Lumbar Puncture Headache—Does Hydration before Puncture Prevent Headache and Affect Cerebral Blood Flow?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Nowaczewska ◽  
Beata Kukulska-Pawluczuk ◽  
Henryk Kaźmierczak ◽  
Katarzyna Pawlak-Osińska
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diagnostic Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Baseline Values

Headache is a common complication after diagnostic lumbar puncture (DLP). We aimed to check whether hydration before puncture influences the incidence of post-lumbar puncture headache (PLPH) and affects cerebral blood flow. Ninety-nine patients enrolled for puncture were assigned to a group with (n = 40) or without hydration (n = 59). In the hydration group, 1000 mL 0.9% NaCl was infused and a minimum of 1500 mL oral fluids was recommended within the 24 h before puncture. A Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was performed before and after DLP. Mean velocity (Vm) and pulsatility index (PI) were measured in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). PLPH occurred in 28 patients (28.2%): six (15.4%) from the hydrated and 22 (37.3%) from the non-hydrated group (p < 0.023). Patients with PLPH were younger (p < 0.014) and with headaches in their histories (p < 0.036) compared with the non-headache group. Vm values in both MCAs after puncture were significantly lower than before puncture in all patients. In the PLPH group, Vm in MCAs before puncture were significantly higher and the PI was lower than in the non-headache group. Our findings suggest that hydration of patients within 24 h before puncture prevented PLPH. Twenty-four hours after puncture, significant decreases in Vm were observed in the MCAs of all patients. Low baseline values of PI and high Vm predisposed patients to PLPH.

scholarly journals Local NADPH—Diaphorase Neurons Innervate Pial Arteries and Lie Close or Project to Intracerebral Blood Vessels: A Possible Role for Nitric Oxide in the Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 978-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Estrada ◽  
Elisa Mengual ◽  
Carmen González
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Pial Arteries

Electrical stimulation of perivascular nerves induced a relaxation of endothelium-denuded cat pial arteries that was significantly reduced by nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition, indicating that NO was involved in the neurogenic relaxation of these vessels. Histochemical staining of the pial arteries for NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d), used as a marker for NO synthase, showed positive nerve fibers in the adventitial layer. Interestingly, in some restricted areas stained neuronal cell bodies were also observed. These neurons were scattered or distributed in small groups in a ganglion-like manner, and they sent fibers to the vessel wall. No NADPH-d-positive nerve fibers or cell bodies were detected in forelimb, pulmonary, or coronary arteries. Within the brain parenchyma, blood vessels also showed positive fibers around their walls. These fibers were organized in a branching pattern and presented varicosities. NADPH-d-positive neurons were found in the proximity of the intracerebral vascular profiles, sending processes to the vessels and/or being directly apposed to their wall. The neurovascular contacts were preferentially located close to the interface between the cerebral cortex and white matter. The anatomical relationship between NADPH-d-positive neurons and fibers and the cerebral blood vessels, together with the participation of NO in the neurogenic relaxation of pial arteries, suggests that NO is involved in the regulation of cerebral blood flow.

scholarly journals Helospectin-Like Peptides: Immunochemical Localization and Effects on Isolated Cerebral Arteries and on Local Cerebral Blood Flow in the Cat

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Uddman ◽  
Peter J. Goadsby ◽  
Inger Jansen-Olesen ◽  
Lars Edvinsson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Sphenopalatine Ganglion ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Heloderma Suspectum ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Potent Vasodilator

Helospectin I and II and helodermin are nonamidated, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like peptides, isolated from the salivary gland venom of the lizards Heloderma suspectum and Heloderma horridum. Helospectin I has 38 amino acid residues and differs from helospectin II in that it has an additional serine residue at the C-terminus. Numerous nerve fibers containing helospectin-like immunoreactivity (LI) and a few fibers containing helodermin-LI were present in the adventitia and at the adventitia-media border of cat cerebral arteries. In the sphenopalatine ganglion, numerous nerve cell bodies containing helospectin-LI were seen. Double immunostaining revealed that helospectin-LI nerve cell bodies coexisted with VIP-containing cell bodies. Radioimmunoassay showed high levels of helospectin-LI in extracts of cerebral vessels from the circle of Willis (27.4 pg/mg [wt/wt]). Helospectin I and II and helodermin (10−10 to 10−6 mol/L) produced concentration-dependent relaxations of feline middle cerebral arteries amounting to 50% to 80% of precontraction induced by U46619. The maximum effects and the potency were similar to that of VIP. Neither of these peptides elicited endothelium-dependent relaxations. Intracerebral microinjection of helospectin and helodermin produced a moderate concentration-dependent increase of the cerebral blood flow of α-chloralose anesthetized cats. The maximum increase (21 ± 5%) was observed after the injection of 5 μg helodermin, whereas 16 ± 7% was seen with helospectin I and 19 ± 5% with helospectin II. The results suggest that helospectin/helodermin-like peptides co-localize with VIP in perivascular nerve fibers originating in the sphenopalatine ganglion. They seem to have strong and potent vasodilator effects.

scholarly journals Effects of Kininase II Inhibitors on the Vasomotor Response to Bradykinin of Feline Intracranial and Extracranial Arteries in vitro and in situ

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wahl ◽  
Alan R. Young ◽  
Lars Edvinsson ◽  
Franz Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Pial Arteries ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Kininase Ii ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Prostaglandin F

Bradykinin is known to effect a vasodilatation of feline cerebral arteries in situ and of both human and feline pial arteries in vitro. In order to demonstrate whether kininase II (localized within the vessel wall or in the surrounding tissue or fluid) influences the response to bradykinin, two different inhibitors of this bradykinin degradation enzyme were tested. Perivascular microapplication of potentiator C (10−10–10−4 M) or captopril (10−10–10−3 M) did not, by itself, change the diameter of feline pial arteries (87–305 μm) in situ. In a similar investigation, the dilating action of bradykinin (10−8–10−5 M) was not modified by the simultaneous application of potentiator C or captopril (10−5 M). Furthermore, the relaxing effect of bradykinin (10−10–10−4 M) on isolated feline middle cerebral arteries (preconstricted with 5-hydroxytryptamine or prostaglandin F2α) was not influenced by the presence of captopril (10−7 M). In contrast, when studied on isolated extracranial vessel segments (feline sublingual artery), bradykinin caused a concentration-dependent constriction of the artery. This constriction was completely reversed to dilatation in the presence of captopril (10−7 M). Moreover, the characteristic effect of kininase II inhibition was demonstrated in the isolated guinea pig ileum preparation. In this instance, bradykinin induced a concentration-dependent contraction that was enhanced by potentiator C or captopril. We conclude, therefore, that bradykinin exerts variable responses on vascular smooth muscle, depending on the species used, the muscle location and experimental conditions. Finally, the in situ and in vitro findings for pial and middle cerebral arteries demonstrate that kininase II does not modify the dilating effect of bradykinin under our experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Impaired myogenic response and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow is rescued in CYP4A1 transgenic Dahl salt-sensitive rat

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (5) ◽  
pp. R379-R390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Fan ◽  
Aron M. Geurts ◽  
Sydney R. Murphy ◽  
Mallikarjuna R. Pabbidi ◽  
Howard J. Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Cerebral Injury ◽  
Transgenic Rat ◽  
Myogenic Response ◽  
Cerebral Vasculature ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
The Brain

We have reported that a reduction in renal production of 20-HETE contributes to development of hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats. The present study examined whether 20-HETE production is also reduced in the cerebral vasculature of SS rats and whether this impairs the myogenic response and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF). The production of 20-HETE, the myogenic response of middle cerebral arteries (MCA), and autoregulation of CBF were compared in SS, SS-5BN rats and a newly generated CYP4A1 transgenic rat. 20-HETE production was 6-fold higher in cerebral arteries of CYP4A1 and SS-5BN than in SS rats. The diameter of the MCA decreased to 70 ± 3% to 65 ± 6% in CYP4A1 and SS-5BN rats when pressure was increased from 40 to 140 mmHg. In contrast, the myogenic response of MCA isolated from SS rats did not constrict. Administration of a 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor, HET0016, abolished the myogenic response of MCA in CYP4A1 and SS-5BN rats but had no effect in SS rats. Autoregulation of CBF was impaired in SS rats compared with CYP4A1 and SS-5BN rats. Blood-brain barrier leakage was 5-fold higher in the brain of SS rats than in SS-5BN and SS.CYP4A1 rats. These findings indicate that a genetic deficiency in the formation of 20-HETE contributes to an impaired myogenic response in MCA and autoregulation of CBF in SS rats and this may contribute to vascular remodeling and cerebral injury following the onset of hypertension.

scholarly journals Effects of LI11 Acupuncture on CO2 reactivity in the anterior and middle cerebral arteries during hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia in normal subjects: A before and after study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-185
Author(s):  
Gyeong-muk Kim ◽  
Woo-Sang Jung ◽  
Seungwon Kwon ◽  
Chul Jin ◽  
Seung-Yeon Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Co2 Reactivity ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Before And After

Objectives: The LI11 (Quchi) acupuncture point has always been included in the Seven acupoints for stroke; however, additional LI11 acupuncture research is needed. In this study, the effect of LI11 acupuncture on cerebral blood flow of the anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) and middle cerebral arteries (MCA) was investigated.Method: This study included 10 healthy young male subjects. Cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebrovascular reactivity were measured using transcranial Doppler sonography. Changes in hyperventilation-induced carbon dioxide (CO2) reactivity and modified ACA and MCA blood flow velocity at 40 mmHg (CV40), blood pressure, and heart rate were observed before and after LI11 acupuncture treatment.Results: A statistically significant increase in contralateral anterior cerebral artery CO2 reactivity (p=0.036) and decrease in contralateral middle cerebral artery CV40 (p=0.047) were observed. No significant difference in mean blood pressure was shown. A statistically significant increase in heart rate occurred after LI11 acupuncture; however, it was not clinically significant as there were negligible changes in the heart rhythm.Conclusions: LI11 acupuncture treatment could improve cerebral blood flow velocity. These results might be explained by regulating endothelium-dependent vessel dilation in the anterior cerebral artery region.Trial registration: This trial has been registered with Clinical Research Information Service, a service of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: KCT0004494 (retrospectively registered). https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01.jsp?seq=15359

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document