Adiposity, body composition, and weight change in relation to organochlorine pollutant plasma concentrations

SUMMARYThe seasonal changes in plasma concentrations of albumin, globulin, transferrin, urea, Ca, P and glucose were measured in 59 Scottish Blackface sheep grazing a hill pasture. The sheep were classified according to age and state of permanent incisor dentition into four groups. Sheep were slaughtered at mating (November), mid-lactation (June) and in the late dry period (November), and the changes in plasma constituents related to changes in body composition. A protein-free supplement was offered during late pregnancy.Another group of sheep was used in the subsequent year to investigate the significance of helminth infections on such pastures.Plasma albumin concentration fell from 32·0 g/1 in all sheep in early pregnancy to 17·5–19·5 g/1 in late pregnancy and early lactation in 5½- to 6½-year-old animals. Younger animals (2½ year old) maintained higher (23·0 g/1) levels at these latter times. The extent of the decrease in plasma albumin concentration of the groups was related to the loss of N from their soft tissues during the same period.Plasma volume increased from 2·10 to 2·491 between early pregnancy and midlactation (45 and 66 ml/kg body weight respectively). The increase in volume was considered to account for the reduction in the concentration of plasma globulin which took place during this period.Plasma urea-N concentrations were extremely low (50—60mg/l) between February and April and had fallen from their highest values (240 mg/1) in August to 150 mg/1 by the following November. It is argued that the fall in albumin concentration which occurred in early pregnancy, coupled with the extremely low urea-N concentration, reflects a very low digestible crude protein intake during most of pregnancy.Transferrin concentration followed a similar seasonal pattern to urea. The concentration was extremely low in February (2·2–2·4 g/1), highest in August (3·45 g/1) and had fallen by November (3·0 g/1). The value of transferrin as a nutritional index is discussed.Regular dosing with anthelminthic of sheep on these pastures had a beneficial effect on plasma albumin concentrations, particularly during critical nutritional periods, namely late pregnancy and lactation.Plasma glucose, Ca and P concentrations were of no value in monitoring the nutritional status of the animal with respect to these nutrients.

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Longitudinal changes in body composition in older men and women: role of body weight change and physical activity

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/76.2.473 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 473-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 417

Author(s):

Virginia A Hughes ◽

Walter R Frontera ◽

Ronenn Roubenoff ◽

William J Evans ◽

Maria A Fiatarone Singh

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Change ◽

Older Men ◽

Body Weight Change ◽

Men And Women ◽

Longitudinal Changes ◽

Older Men And Women

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Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Weight Change, and Body Composition in the Elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2013-3591 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 1220-1226 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Margaret C. Garin ◽

Alice M. Arnold ◽

Jennifer S. Lee ◽

Russell P. Tracy ◽

Anne R. Cappola

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Weight Change ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

The Elderly ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study

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The lower vitamin C plasma concentrations in elderly men compared with elderly women can partly be attributed to a volumetric dilution effect due to differences in fat-free mass

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515000240 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 113 (5) ◽

pp. 859-864 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alexandra Jungert ◽

Monika Neuhäuser-Berthold

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Activity Level ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Photometric Detection ◽

Dietary Record ◽

Lower Vitamin

Women show higher vitamin C plasma concentrations than men, but the reasons for this observation still require elucidation. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether sex differences in vitamin C plasma concentrations are present in elderly subjects and whether these differences are due to sex-specific lifestyles, total antioxidant status (TAOS) and/or body composition. Fasting plasma concentrations of vitamin C were assessed by photometric detection in a cross-sectional study of 181 women and eighty-nine men aged 62–92 years. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Vitamin C intake was assessed with a 3 d estimated dietary record. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate whether sex is an independent predictor of vitamin C plasma concentrations by controlling for age, vitamin C intake, lifestyle factors, TAOS and body composition. Women showed higher vitamin C plasma concentrations than men (76 v. 62 μmol/l, P< 0·0001). In the multiple regression analysis, male sex was a negative predictor of vitamin C plasma concentrations (β = − 0·214), as long as absolute fat-free mass (FFM) was not considered as a confounder. When absolute FFM was included, sex was no longer a predictor of vitamin C plasma concentrations, whereas absolute FFM (β = − 0·216), physical activity level (β = 0·165), intake of vitamin C supplements (β = 0·164), age (β = 0·147) and smoking (β = − 0·125) affected vitamin C plasma concentrations. The results indicate that a higher absolute FFM, and thus a higher distribution volume of vitamin C, contributes to lower vitamin C plasma concentrations in men than women.

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Developmental patterns of plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and body growth in mice from lines divergently selected on the basis of plasma IGF-I

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1240151 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 124 (1) ◽

pp. 151-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

R. A. Siddiqui ◽

H. T. Blair ◽

S. N. McCutcheon ◽

D. D. S. Mackenzie ◽

P. D. Gluckman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Body Growth ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Developmental Patterns ◽

Factor I ◽

Igf I ◽

Growth Factor I

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to investigate developmental patterns of plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), body growth and body composition in mice from lines selected for seven generations on the basis of low (L) or high (H) plasma IGF-I, and in a random-bred control (C) line. Litter size was standardized to eight individuals with equal sex ratios (as far as possible) within 48 h of birth. Pups were weaned at an average of 21 days and separated on the basis of sex. Blood samples were collected from one male and one female of each litter on days, 21, 42, 63 and 105 for analysis of plasma concentrations of IGF-I. The animals were then killed and analysed for water, fat and crude protein content. The plasma concentration of IGF-I was influenced by line (P<0·05) but not by sex. Significant (P< 0·001) differences in liveweight between mice from L and H lines were first evident at 21 days of age. From 28 until 105 days of age the H line was significantly (P< 0·001) heavier than both L and C lines, but differences between C and L lines were inconsistent and mostly non-significant. The growth velocity of the H line was significantly greater than that of C or L lines between 14 and 42 days of age, but differences in growth velocities of C compared with L lines were generally non-significant. Nose–anus length was significantly (P<0·01) affected by sex and line from 42 to 105 days of age, but anus–tail length was not affected by sex or line at any age. Effects of sex and line on empty (digesta-free) body weight and wet weights of carcass and skin plus viscera fractions followed a pattern similar to those of liveweights. The effects of sex and line on protein, water and fat content also paralleled their effects on body size. Differences between males and females, and between the lines, in amount of protein, water and fat could be entirely accounted for by the corresponding differences in body weight. It is concluded from these results that divergent selection on the basis of plasma IGF-I at 42 days of age resulted in lines of animals differing in plasma IGF-I from 21 days of age until maturity. These divergent concentrations of IGF-I are associated with differences between the lines in body growth, particularly during the period of accelerated growth at puberty, but not with changes in body composition. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 124, 151–158

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