Increased pregenual anterior cingulate glucose and lactate concentrations in major depressive disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ernst ◽  
A Hock ◽  
A Henning ◽  
E Seifritz ◽  
H Boeker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Major Depressive

Prefrontal cortex function in remitted major depressive disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Nixon ◽  
P. F. Liddle ◽  
G. Worwood ◽  
M. Liotti ◽  
E. Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Negative Experience

BackgroundRecent models of major depressive disorder (MDD) have proposed the rostral anterior cingulate (rACC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) as nexus sites in the dysfunctional regulation of cognitive-affective state. Limited evidence from remitted-state MDD supports these theories by suggesting that aberrant neural activity proximal to the rACC and the dmPFC may play a role in vulnerability to recurrence/relapse within this disorder. Here we present a targeted analysis assessing functional activity within these two regions of interest (ROIs) for groups with identified vulnerability to MDD: first, remitted, high predicted recurrence-risk patients; and second, patients suffering observed 1-year recurrence.MethodBaseline T2* images sensitive to blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast were acquired from patients and controls during a Go/No-Go (GNG) task incorporating negative feedback, with 1-year patient follow-up to identify recurrence. BOLD contrast data for error commission (EC) and visual negative feedback (VNF) were used in an ROI analysis based on rACC and dmPFC coordinates from the literature, comparing patientsversuscontrols and recurrenceversusnon-recurrenceversuscontrol groups.ResultsAnalysis of patients (n = 20)versuscontrols (n = 20) showed significant right dmPFC [Brodmann area (BA) 9] hypoactivity within the patient group, co-localized during EC and VNF, with additional significant rACC (BA 32) hypoactivity during EC. The results from the follow-up analysis were undermined by small groups and potential confounders but suggested persistent right dmPFC (BA 9) hypoactivity associated with 1-year recurrence.ConclusionsConvergent hypoactive right dmPFC (BA 9) processing of VNF and EC, possibly impairing adaptive reappraisal of negative experience, was associated most clearly with clinically predicted vulnerability to MDD.

scholarly journals Regionally specific alterations in functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in major depressive disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2071-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Davey ◽  
B. J. Harrison ◽  
M. Yücel ◽  
N. B. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Close Link

BackgroundDepression has been associated with functional alterations in several areas of the cingulate cortex. In this study we have taken a systematic approach to examining how alterations in functional connectivity vary across the functionally diverse subregions of the rostral cingulate cortex.MethodEighteen patients with major depressive disorder, aged 15 to 24 years, were matched with 20 healthy control participants. Using resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI), we systematically investigated the functional connectivity of four subregions of the rostral cingulate cortex. Voxelwise statistical maps of each subregion's connectivity with other brain areas were compared between the patient and control groups.ResultsThe depressed participants showed altered patterns of connectivity with ventral cingulate subregions. They showed increased connectivity between subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsomedial frontal cortex, with connectivity strength showing positive correlation with illness severity. Depressed participants also showed increased connectivity between pregenual ACC and left dorsolateral frontal cortex, and decreased connectivity between pregenual ACC and the caudate nucleus bilaterally.ConclusionsThe results reinforce the importance of subgenual ACC for depression, and show a close link between brain regions that support self-related processes and affective visceromotor function. The pregenual ACC also has an important role, with its increased connectivity with dorsolateral frontal cortex suggesting heightened cognitive regulation of affect; and reduced connectivity with the caudate nucleus potentially underlying symptoms such as anhedonia, reduced motivation and psychomotor dysfunction.

scholarly journals Stratifying major depressive disorder by polygenic risk for schizophrenia in relation to structural brain measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1653-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew A. Harris ◽  
Xueyi Shen ◽  
Simon R. Cox ◽  
Jude Gibson ◽  
Mark J. Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
High Genetic Risk ◽  
Effective Diagnosis

AbstractBackgroundSubstantial clinical heterogeneity of major depressive disorder (MDD) suggests it may group together individuals with diverse aetiologies. Identifying distinct subtypes should lead to more effective diagnosis and treatment, while providing more useful targets for further research. Genetic and clinical overlap between MDD and schizophrenia (SCZ) suggests an MDD subtype may share underlying mechanisms with SCZ.MethodsThe present study investigated whether a neurobiologically distinct subtype of MDD could be identified by SCZ polygenic risk score (PRS). We explored interactive effects between SCZ PRS and MDD case/control status on a range of cortical, subcortical and white matter metrics among 2370 male and 2574 female UK Biobank participants.ResultsThere was a significant SCZ PRS by MDD interaction for rostral anterior cingulate cortex (RACC) thickness (β = 0.191, q = 0.043). This was driven by a positive association between SCZ PRS and RACC thickness among MDD cases (β = 0.098, p = 0.026), compared to a negative association among controls (β = −0.087, p = 0.002). MDD cases with low SCZ PRS showed thinner RACC, although the opposite difference for high-SCZ-PRS cases was not significant. There were nominal interactions for other brain metrics, but none remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsOur significant results indicate that MDD case-control differences in RACC thickness vary as a function of SCZ PRS. Although this was not the case for most other brain measures assessed, our specific findings still provide some further evidence that MDD in the presence of high genetic risk for SCZ is subtly neurobiologically distinct from MDD in general.

Rostral Anterior Cingulate Glutamine/Glutamate Disbalance in Major Depressive Disorder Depends on Symptom Severity

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1049-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lejla Colic ◽  
Felicia von Düring ◽  
Dominik Denzel ◽  
Liliana Ramona Demenescu ◽  
Anton R. Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Major Depressive

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of cortical thickness abnormalities in medication-free patients with major depressive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Youjin Zhao ◽  
Ziqi Chen ◽  
Jingyi Long ◽  
Jing Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Major Depressive

Abstract Alterations in cortical thickness have been identified in major depressive disorder (MDD), but findings have been variable and inconsistent. To date, no reliable tools have been available for the meta-analysis of surface-based morphometric (SBM) studies to effectively characterize what has been learned in previous studies, and drug treatments may have differentially impacted findings. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies that explored cortical thickness in medication-free patients with MDD, using a newly developed meta-analytic mask compatible with seed-based d mapping (SDM) meta-analytic software. We performed the meta-regression to explore the effects of demographics and clinical characteristics on variation in cortical thickness in MDD. Fifteen studies describing 529 patients and 586 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Medication-free patients with MDD, relative to HCs, showed a complex pattern of increased cortical thickness in some areas (posterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex) and decreased cortical thickness in others (gyrus rectus, orbital segment of the superior frontal gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus). Most findings in the whole sample analysis were confirmed in a meta-analysis of studies recruiting medication-naive patients. Using the new mask specifically developed for SBM studies, this SDM meta-analysis provides evidence for regional cortical thickness alterations in MDD, mainly involving increased cortical thickness in the default mode network and decreased cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal and temporal cortex.

scholarly journals Brain grey matter abnormalities in medication-free patients with major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (14) ◽  
pp. 2927-2937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-J. Zhao ◽  
M.-Y. Du ◽  
X.-Q. Huang ◽  
S. Lui ◽  
Z.-Q. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundBecause cerebral morphological abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD) may be modulated by antidepressant treatment, inclusion of medicated patients may have biased previous meta-analyses of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies. A meta-analysis of VBM studies on medication-free MDD patients should be able to distinguish the morphological features of the disease itself from those of treatment.MethodA systematic search was conducted for the relevant studies. Effect-size signed differential mapping was applied to analyse the grey matter differences between all medication-free MDD patients and healthy controls. Meta-regression was used to explore the effects of demographics and clinical characteristics.ResultsA total of 14 datasets comprising 400 medication-free MDD patients and 424 healthy controls met the inclusion criteria. The pooled meta-analysis and subgroup meta-analyses showed robustly reduced grey matter in prefrontal and limbic regions in MDD. Increased right thalamus volume was only seen in first-episode medication-naive patients, and increased grey matter in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex only in medication wash-out patients. In meta-regression analyses the percentage of female patients in each study was negatively correlated with reduced grey matter in the right hippocampus.ConclusionsBy excluding interference from medication effects, the present study identified grey matter reduction in the prefrontal–limbic network in MDD. The subgroup meta-analysis results suggest that an increased right thalamus volume might be a trait directly related to MDD, while an increased anterior cingulate cortex volume might be an effect of medication. The meta-regression results perhaps reveal the structural underpinning of the sex differences in epidemiological and clinical aspects of MDD.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Brain Serotonin Synthesis in Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder: A A-[11C]MT Pet Imaging Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.N. Frey ◽  
I. Skelin ◽  
Y. Sakai ◽  
M. Nishikawa ◽  
M. Diksic
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Brain Serotonin ◽  
Serotonin Synthesis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Men And Women

Objective:Women are at higher risk than men to develop major depressive disorder (MDD), but the mechanisms underlying the higher risk for MDD in women are unknown. There is a wealth of data showing gender differences in brain morphology and function. In addition, preclinical studies have demonstrated reciprocal relationships between ovarian hormones and serotonin neurotransmission. Thus, gender differences in brain serotonin neurotransmission are potential underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we compared normalized α-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan brain trapping constant (α-[11C]MTrp K*; ml/g/min), an index of serotonin synthesis, between men and women with MDD.Method:α-[11C]MTrp K* was measured in 25 medication-free individuals with MDD (13 females and 12 males) using positron emission tomography. Comparisons of normalized α-[11C]MTrp K* values between men and women were conducted at the voxel level using Statistical Parametric Mapping 2 (SPM2) analysis.Results:Women with MDD displayed significantly higher (p< 0.005) normalized α-[11C]MTrp K* than men in the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), parahippocampal gyrus, precuneus and superior parietal lobule, and occipital lingual gyrus.Conclusions:This finding suggests that depressive women have higher serotonin synthesis in multiple regions of the prefrontal cortex and limbic system involved with mood regulation. Gender differences in brain serotonin synthesis may be associated with higher risk for MDD in women because extra levels of tissue 5-HT could create non-physiological connections influencing changes in mood.

scholarly journals Amplitude of Low-Frequency Oscillations in Major Depressive Disorder With Childhood Trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoying Wu ◽  
Qianyi Luo ◽  
Huawang Wu ◽  
Zhiyao Wu ◽  
Yingjun Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Group Frequency ◽  
Left Insula

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with childhood trauma is one of the functional subtypes of depression. Frequency-dependent changes in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) have been reported in MDD patients. However, there are few studies on ALFF about MDD with childhood trauma. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the ALFF in 69 MDD patients with childhood trauma (28.7 ± 9.6 years) and 30 healthy subjects (28.12 ± 4.41 years). Two frequency bands (slow-5: 0.010–0.027 Hz; slow-4: 0.027–0.073 Hz) were analyzed. Compared with controls, the MDD with childhood trauma had decreased ALFF in left S1 (Primary somatosensory cortex), and increased ALFF in left insula. More importantly, significant group × frequency interactions were found in right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Our finding may provide insights into the pathophysiology of MDD with childhood trauma.

scholarly journals Neuroimaging-based biomarkers for treatment selection in major depressive disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-490 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Treatment Selection ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Poor Outcomes

The use of neuroimaging approaches to identify likely treatment outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder is developing rapidly. Emerging work suggests that resting state pretreatment metabolic activity in the fronto-insular cortex may distinguish between patients likely to respond to psychotherapy or medication and may function as a treatment-selection biomarker. In contrast, high metabolic activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex may be predictive of poor outcomes to both medication and psychotherapy, suggesting that nonstandard treatments may be pursued earlier in the treatment course. Although these findings will require replication before clinical adoption, they provide preliminary support for the concept that brain states can be measured and applied to the selection of a specific treatment most likely to be beneficial for an individual patient.

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