scholarly journals Late Miocene threshold response of marine algae to carbon dioxide limitation

Nature ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 500 (7464) ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara T. Bolton ◽  
Heather M. Stoll
Nature ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 486 (7401) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. LaRiviere ◽  
A. Christina Ravelo ◽  
Allison Crimmins ◽  
Petra S. Dekens ◽  
Heather L. Ford ◽  
...  

Nematology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jessen ◽  
Reiner Luttmann ◽  
Ralf-Udo Ehlers ◽  
Olaf Strauch ◽  
Urs Wyss

AbstractHeterorhabditis spp. (Rhabditida: Nematoda) live in a close symbiosis with the bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. For biocontrol purposes the nematodes are produced in liquid culture pre-incubated with P. luminescens. The bacteria produce a food signal, inducing dauer juveniles (DJ) to initiate development. In rhabditid nematodes the exit from this developmentally arrested third stage DJ is called recovery. Attempts to produce Heterorhabditis spp. in liquid culture have often failed due to low and delayed recovery of the inoculated DJ. The influence of carbon dioxide as a recovery co-factor was investigated. Increasing concentrations of CO2 enhanced DJ recovery in the presence of the bacterial food signal. The effect could not be related to a decline of the pH caused by increasing CO2 concentrations. On the contrary, at lower pH the DJ recovery decreased. In one experiment a considerable spontaneous recovery was observed in the absence of a food signal. This phenomenon and a variable threshold response of the DJ to CO2 lead to the assumption that they are differently pre-disposed to respond to recovery inducing signals. Providing the results can be confirmed in laboratory scale bioreactors, the control of carbon dioxide during nematode liquid culture can help to improve the bioreactor process technology.Heterorhabditis spp. (Rhabditida: Nematoda) leben in enger Symbiose mit dem Bakterium Photorhabdus luminescens. Für die biologische Bekämpfung werden die Nematoden in Flüssigkulturen vermehrt, die vorher mit P. luminescens inkubiert wurden. Die Bakterien produzieren ein Nahrungssignal, das die Dauerlarven (DJ) veranlasst, ihre Entwicklung wieder aufzunehmen. Bei rhabditiden Nematoden wird das Verlassen des entwicklungsphysiologisch gehemmten Dauerlarvenstadiums als “recovery” bezeichnet. Versuche, Heterorhabditis spp. in Flüssigkultur zu produzieren sind oft aufgrund einer niedrigen oder verspäteten “recovery” gescheitert. Der Einfluß von Kohlendioxid als Einflussfaktor auf die “recovery” wurde untersucht. Zunehmende CO2 Konzentrationen förderten die “recovery” bei Anwesenheit des Nahrungssignals. Einem mit zunehmender CO2-Konzentration fallenden pH-Wert konnte die Wirkung nicht zugeschrieben werden. Im Gegenteil, bei niedrigen pH-Werten nahm die “recovery” ab. In einem Experiment wurde eine spontane “recovery” beobachtet, ohne dass ein Nahrungssignal vorhanden war. Dieses Phänomen und die variable Antwort der Dauerlarven auf gleiche CO2-Konzentrationen lassen den Schluss zu, dass die Dauerlarven unterschiedlich prädisponiert sind in ihrer Reaktion auf die “recovery” induzierenden Signale. Vorausgesetzt die Ergebnisse können in LaborBioreaktoren bestätigt werden, ist die Regelung des Kohlendioxidgehalts während der Nematoden-Flüssigkultur eine Hilfe die Prozesstechnik zu optimieren.


1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2605-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Newell ◽  
G. Dalpont ◽  
B. R. Grant

Production of varying amounts of dissolved organic nitrogen has been demonstrated in cultures of eight species of marine algae. The material appears to be polypeptide. Continuous culture experiments with two algal species showed that production of this organic material was not increased by stress in the form of changes in growth rate, light, carbon dioxide, or pH. It was increased when the continuous cultures were allowed to stagnate.


1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Clendenning ◽  
F. T. Haxo

Effects of dark time and of oxygen supply upon photosynthetic induction in Ulva were investigated polarographically and manometrically. Under continuously aerobic conditions, the induction period was of about two minutes' duration following one day in darkness in flowing sea water; beyond 10 min., length of the aerobic dark period had little effect. The induction period was lengthened by dark anaerobiosis, but was not eliminated entirely by dark aeration or oxygenation treatments. Aerobic induction periods of similarly brief duration were observed in Ulva, Gigartina, and Gelidium fronds which corresponded with those established previously for leaves and unicellular algae. Aerobic induction is attributed to an initial lack of "CO2-acceptor" which is regenerated photosynthetically. Interpretations are provided for the widely different induction periods and saturating carbon dioxide concentrations which had been observed in earlier studies of photosynthesis in attached marine algae.


Eos ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (50) ◽  
pp. 476-476
Author(s):  
Ernie Balcerak

Author(s):  
K. C. Tsou ◽  
J. Morris ◽  
P. Shawaluk ◽  
B. Stuck ◽  
E. Beatrice

While much is known regarding the effect of lasers on the retina, little study has been done on the effect of lasers on cornea, because of the limitation of the size of the material. Using a combination of electron microscope and several newly developed cytochemical methods, the effect of laser can now be studied on eye for the purpose of correlating functional and morphological damage. The present paper illustrates such study with CO2 laser on Rhesus monkey.


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